Книга - Англійська мова. Теорія і практика. Вживання часів

Англiйська мова. Теорiя i практика. Вживання часiв
Ричард Грант


Англiйська мова. Теорiя i практика #17
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Ричард Грант

Англiйська мова. Теорiя i практика. Вживання часiв





Рiзниця мiж The Present Continuous i The Present Simple


1. Present Continuous застосовуеться для опису ситуацiй i дiй, якi мовець вважае тимчасовими. Present Simple описуе ситуацii, якi мовець сприймае як постiйнi.

Linda is working at the ice cream shop during summer. – Влiтку Лiнда працюе в магазинi морозива. (коли лiто закiнчиться, Лiнда бiльше не буде працювати в цьому мiсцi)

Sam works as a manager at the ice cream shop. – Сем працюе менеджером в магазинi морозива. (це його постiйна робота)



2. Якщо ми описуемо повторюванi дii, якi пов'язанi з цим моментом, використовуемо Present Continuous. А якщо з цим моментом вони не пов'язанi, вживаемо Present Simple.

I'm speaking with my mom a lot these days. – Останнiм часом я часто говорю з мамою по телефону. (е зв'язок з поточним моментом)

I speak with my aunt who lives in New York twice a year. – Двiчi на рiк я розмовляю зi своею тiткою, яка живе в Нью-Йорку. (немае зв'язку з теперiшнiм моментом)



3. Present Continuous описуе дiю, що вiдбуваеться зараз. Present Simple використовуеться для опису фактiв, якi залишаються вiрними в будь-який момент часу.

Kathy is speaking with her father at the moment. – Зараз Кетi говорить зi своiм батьком. (вона говорить у даний момент часу, розмова буде закiнчена)

Kathy speaks English. – Кетi говорить по-англiйськи. (вона вмiе говорити по-англiйськи, це твердження залишаеться фактом в будь-який момент часу)



Вправа 1

Розкрийте дужки, вживаючи дiеслова у Present Continuous або у Present Simple.

1. I (to take) my sister to school now. I (to take) her to school every day. 2. He (to work) in the centre of Chicago. 3. Tom (to play) football on Saturday. 4. His father (not to watch) TV at the moment. He (to sleep) because he (to be) tired. 5. I (to sit) in the waiting room at the doctor’s now. 6. I (not to know) what to give my brother for his birthday. 7. I often (to go) to see my friends in the evening. 8. You (to keep) to any special diet? – Well, I (not to think) it (to be) good to eat a lot of meat. I usually (to have) meat only once a week. I (to eat) lots of fruit and vegetables. 9. He (to help) his father now. He (to help) his father very often. 10. He (to work) in the centre of Chicago? 11. He (not to play) football every day. 12. Pat (not to cook) dinner at the moment. She (to talk) on the phone. She (to cook) dinner every Monday. 13. I (not to work) in my office now. 14. They (to want) to publish this book in July?



Вправа 2

Розкрийте дужки, вживаючи дiеслова у Present Continuous або у Present Simple.

1. We sometimes (to go) to the cinema or to a disco club on Sunday. 2. He (to learn) English now because he (to want) to get a better job. 3. At the moment they (to go) to the river for a swim. They usually (to go) to the river for a swim. 4. He (not to work) in the centre of Chicago. 5. I (to wear) a suit now. 6. I (not to drink) coffee now. I (to write) an English exercise. 7. Eric (to talk) about his holiday plans, but Kenny (not to listen) to him. He (to think) about his new car at the moment. 8. She (to think) he (to drive) dangerously. 9. Andrew (to get) up very early as he (to live) far from school. He (to be) never late. 10. The teacher (to know) the girl often (not to argue) with pupils. 11. She (to play) the violin now. She (to play) the violin every day. 12. They (to read) a lot of books. 13. I (not to wear) jeans now. 14. I (not to drink) coffee in the evening. I (to drink) coffee in the morning.



Вправа 3

Розкрийте дужки, вживаючи дiеслова у Present Continuous або у Present Simple.

1. My friend (to live) in Toronto. 2. He (to understand) that he (to eat) noisily, but he always (to forget) about it. 3. It (to be) six o’clock in the evening now. Victor (to do) his homework. His sister (to read) a book. His mother and grandmother (to talk). 4. I (to think) she often (to worry). 5. I (to read) now. I (to read) every day. 6. They (to read) many books? 7. My friend (not to like) to play football. 8. Your friend (to do) his homework now? 9. My cousin (not to live) in Toronto. 10. Who that man (to be) who (to stand) in the doorway? – You (not to recognize) him? It (to be) John, my cousin. 11. I (to write) a letter to my grandmother who (to live) in Toronto. I (to write) to her very often. 12. Barbara’s boss (to see) she (to be) always late for work. 13. He (to sleep) now. He (to sleep) every night. 14. They (not to read) many books.



Вправа 4

Розкрийте дужки, вживаючи дiеслова у Present Continuous або у Present Simple.

1. I (not to read) now. 2. Your friend (to go) to school in the morning? 3. The children (not to sleep) now. 4. I (to have) no time now, I (to have) dinner. 5. It (to take) me forty minutes to get to school. 6. I (to call) my son in Chicago now. I (to want) to call him every month but it (to be) very expensive. 7. We (to drink) tea now. We (to drink) tea every morning. 8. The children (to eat) soup now. 9. He (to sleep) now? 10. Look! The baby (to sleep). 11. The children (to play) in the yard every day. 12. Your family (to leave) Toronto in summer? – Yes, we always (to go) to the seaside. We all (to like) the sea. Mother (to stay) with us till the end of August, but father (to return) much earlier. 13. Hello, Pete, where you (to go)? – I (to hurry) to school. 14. You (to hear) me now? How your job (to go)? – Great! I (to enjoy) it a lot. The only problem I (to have) here (to be) that the food (to be) so good. I (to eat) too much! I (to get) really fat.



Вправа 5

Розкрийте дужки, вживаючи дiеслова у Present Continuous або у Present Simple.

1. They (to go) to school now. They (to go) to school every morning. 2. The children (to eat) soup now? 3. We (not to go) to the country in winter. 4. The baby always (to sleep) after dinner. 5. They (not to go) to the stadium on Monday. 6. Where Tom and Nick (to be) now? – They (to have) a nice walk in the garden. 7. When your lessons (to begin) on Monday? – They (to begin) at nine o’clock. 8. Ruth (to learn) English now because she (to like) learning languages and she (to want) to impress everybody. 9. I (not to sleep) now. I (not to sleep) in the daytime. 10. The children (not to eat) soup now. 11. My sister (to eat) sweets every day. 12. My grandmother (not to work). She is on pension. 13. She (to read) in the evening. 14. What you (to do) here now? – We (to listen) to tape recordings.



Вправа 6

Розкрийте дужки, вживаючи дiеслова у Present Continuous або у Present Simple.

1. Where your sister (to be)? – She (to do) her homework in the next room. 2. Listen to that man! You (to understand) what language he (to speak)? 3. She (not to drink) coffee now. She (not to drink) coffee after lunch. 4. You (to play) volleyball well? 5. She (not to eat) sweets now. 6. My father (not to sleep) now. He (to work) in the garden. 7. She (not to read) in the morning. 8. You (to want) to see my father? – Yes, I …. 9. It usually (to take) me an hour to do my written exercises. 10. Your English (to get) better? – Yes, I (to think) so. 11. We (not to watch) TV now. We (not to watch) TV in the morning. 12. When you (to play) volleyball? 13. They (to do) their homework in the afternoon. 14. I usually (to get) up at seven o’clock in the morning.



Вправа 7

Розкрийте дужки, вживаючи дiеслова у Present Continuous або у Present Simple.

1. She (not to read) now. 2. Michael (to know) German rather well. He (to want) to know English, too, but he (to have) little time for it now. 3. Where Boris (to be)? I (to look) for him. – He (to have) dinner. 4. We (to know) he never (to take) risks. 5. They (not to eat) now. They (not to eat) at the lesson. 6. What Nick (to do) in the evening? 7. They (not to go) for a walk in the evening. 8. What your sister (to do) now? – She (to wash) her face and hands. 9. I (to write) an essay now. 10. What magazine you (to read)? – It (to be) a French magazine. There (to be) good articles on sports here. You (to be) interested in sports? – Yes, I …. But I (not to know) French. 11. I (to look) for a cassette recorder. You (to have) anything on sale? – Take a look at this little Sonic Walkman. – No, I (not to want) this kind. – Well, this Supersound might interest you. It (to be) a good size, it (to be) stereo and it (to have) a radio to listen to the news. 12. They (to think) he (to learn) fast, he (to know) English well and he (to speak) English fluently. 13. My mother (not to work) now. My mother (not to work) at an office. 14. He (to go) to the cinema in the evening?



Вправа 8

Розкрийте дужки, вживаючи дiеслова у Present Continuous або у Present Simple.

1. My father (not to work) on Sunday. 2. When you usually (to come) home from school? – I (to come) at three o’clock. 3. I (not to drink) milk now. 4. We (to have) an English lesson now. 5. I (not to know) about you, but I (to go) out to the cinema. 6. Don’t disturb him. He just (to work) at his English. 7. You (to work) now? You (to work) every day? 8. We (not to dance) every day. 9. He (to work) every day. 10. Where your cousin (to work)? – He (to work) at a hospital. 11. I (to go) for a walk after dinner. 12. He (to feel) in a position to lend her money. 13. I (not to like) to watch TV very often. But at the moment I (to enjoy) my favourite film Gone with the Wind. And I (to be) very happy. 14. He (to play) now? He (to play) in the afternoon?



Вправа 9

Розкрийте дужки, вживаючи дiеслова у Present Continuous або у Present Simple.

1. Look! Kate (to dance). 2. I (to read) books in the evening. 3. Your sister (to study) at college? – No, she (to go) to school. 4. I (not to go) to the theatre every Sunday. 5. I (to think) she (not to feel) safe there. 6. You (to have) any idea where Rick (to be)? I (not to see) him at work now. – He (to visit) his friends in Spain. 7. They (to eat) now? They (to eat) at school? 8. Kate (to sing) well? 9. I (not to read) books in the morning. 10. My cousin (to go) to school every day. 11. He (not to work) now. 12. You (to see) what I (to mean)? 13. Hurry up! We (not to have) much time left. – I (to come)! 14. Your sister (to rest) now? Your sister (to rest) after school?



Вправа 10

Розкрийте дужки, вживаючи дiеслова у Present Continuous або у Present Simple.

1. Where he (to go) in the morning? 2. I (to write) an exercise now. 3. My mother (not to play) the piano now. She (to play) the piano in the morning. 4. He (to play) now. 5. You (to hear) what she (to say)? 6. She (to try) to lose weight, I (to think). She always (to have) light lunches. 7. What you (to do) now? What you (to do) every morning? 8. He (not to sleep) after dinner. 9. I (not to write) a letter now. 10. When you (to listen) to the news on the radio? 11. He (to play) now? 12. He (not to feel) at liberty to tell you the truth. 13. She (to try) to do her best. 14. What you (to read) now? What you (to read) after dinner?



Вправа 11

Розкрийте дужки, вживаючи дiеслова у Present Continuous або у Present Simple.

1. My granny (to sleep) after dinner. 2. They (to play) in the yard now. 3. Who (to make) breakfast for you now? 4. My mother (to work) in a factory. 5. Ron has got a new job. He (to earn) a fortune as a managing director. They (to think) he (to be) a bag of money. 6. My little brother (not to play) the piano very well. That (to be) why he (to practise) the piano again. 7. What they (to eat) now? What they (to eat) for breakfast? 8. When you (to sleep)? 9. They (not to play) in the street now. 10. You (to read) a magazine and (to think) about your holiday at the moment? 11. My aunt (not to work) in a shop. 12. They (to come) tonight? – Yes, I (to believe) so. 13. My grandmother (to be) busy. She (to bake) an apricot pie. She (to bake) pies every Sunday. 14. What your brother (to drink) now? What your brother (to drink) in the evening?



Вправа 12

Розкрийте дужки, вживаючи дiеслова у Present Continuous або у Present Simple.

1. Nina (not to sleep) now. 2. They (to play) in the room now? 3. They (to be) good dancers but they (not to go) to discos very often. 4. You (to work) in an office? 5. I (to believe) in myself at the moment. 6. I (to be) sad. That (to be) why I (to cry). 7. Everybody (to have) a good time now? Everybody (to have) a good time every Saturday? 8. Where John (to live)? – He (to live) in England. 9. He (to help) his mother every day. 10. What she (to talk) about right now? 11. Your father (to work) in this factory? 12. He (to dislike) walking, he (to like) jogging. 13. She (to take) medicine now? How often she (to take) medicine? 14. My friends from Switzerland (to speak four languages. 15. Who (to listen) to music on his personal stereo over there right now?



Вправа 13

Розкрийте дужки, вживаючи дiеслова у Present Continuous або у Present Simple.

1. He (to help) his mother every day? 2. You (to play) chess now? 3. Where they (to go) now? Where they (to go) on Sunday? 4. Elvire (to speak) English, German and French? – Yes, she …. 5. He (not to help) his mother every day. 6. Look at the sky: the clouds (to move) slowly, the sun (to appear) from behind the clouds, it (to get) warmer. 7. They (to speak) English now? What language they usually (to speak)? 8. She only (not to speak) Italian. 9. You (to go) to school on Sunday? 10. How is your brother? – He is not well yet, but his health (to improve) day after day. 11. She (to work) in a shop now? 12. Listen! Who (to play) the piano in the next room? 13. He (to deliver) furniture now? 14. Henry usually (to wear) glasses and now he (to wear) sunglasses. 15. You (to go) to the opera with your friends? Who (to be) your favourite opera singer?



Вправа 14

Розкрийте дужки, вживаючи дiеслова у Present Continuous або у Present Simple.

One Sunday Agnes and her mother went to the zoo. The girl was very excited. She was interested in everything she saw. “Mother, look,” she said. “There (to be) a monkey in this cage. It (to eat) an apple. Now it (to give) a bite to another monkey. I (to think) monkeys (to like) apples very much.” “Yes, dear,” said her mother. “Now I (to want) to go and see the lions and tigers. Where they (to live), mother?” “In that big house over there. Come along.” Agnes enjoyed the lion’s house a lot. “Mother,” she said, “the tiger (to want) a drink: it (to go) to the dish of water there in the corner. And the lion (to look) right at me. You (to think) it (to want) to eat me up? When the lions and tigers (to have) their dinner, mother?” “The keepers (to bring) them large pieces of meat every day at four o’clock. And they (to make) a lot of noise before their dinner time, so everybody (to know) they (to be) hungry.”




Рiзниця мiж The Past Simple i The Past Continuous


1. Past Continuous використовуеться для опису процесу в певний момент в минулому, а Past Simple – для опису закiнченоi дii в минулому.

When I looked out of the window, I saw that a stranger was walking in our street. – Коли я виглянув з вiкна, я побачив, що незнайомець прогулювався по нашiй вулицi. (процес у певний момент у минулому)

Did you see a stranger who walked in our street? – Ти бачив незнайомця, який пройшов по нашiй вулицi? (закiнчена дiя)



2. Past Continuous, на вiдмiну вiд Past Simple, не використовуеться з дiесловами стану (stative verbs).

I 


 knew him for several years. – Я знав його кiлька рокiв.



Звернiть увагу на наступнi речення:

When mother came home, I was reading.

came – одноразова дiя (прийшла) – Past Simple

was reading – дiя в процесi (читав) – Past Continuous



When mother was reading, I came home.

was reading – дiя в процесi (читала) – Past Continuous

came – одноразова дiя (прийшов) – Past Simple



Father was reading at 7 o’clock yesterday. – дiя в процесi – Past Continuous

Father came home at 7 o’clock yesterday. – одноразова дiя – Past Simple



Вправа 15

Розкрийте дужки, вживаючи дiеслова у Past Simple або Past Continuous.

1. I (to go) to the cinema yesterday. 2. I (to play) computer games yesterday. 3. When I (to come) home, my little sister (to sleep). 4. The girl (to cook) dinner when the lights (to go) out. She (to burn) herself. 5. I (to go) to the theatre yesterday. 6. Father (to watch) TV at ten o’clock yesterday. 7. Last Sunday we (to go) skiing in the country. There (to be) already a lot of snow in the fields and we (to enjoy) ourselves. We (to ski) for two hours and a half. 8. The cat (to take) a piece of fish and then (to run) away. 9. I (to wash) the dishes after dinner. 10. I (to feed) my cat with fish yesterday. 11. I (to go) to the cinema at four o’clock yesterday. 12. I (to play) computer games at five o’clock yesterday. 13. When Nick (to come) home, his brother (to play) with his toys. 14. The boy (to hurt) himself while he (to skate).



Вправа 16

Розкрийте дужки, вживаючи дiеслова у Past Simple або Past Continuous.

1. At seven o’clock yesterday I (to go) to the theatre. 2. I (to go) to bed at nine o’clock yesterday. 3. They (to meet) at the station two hours ago. 4. He (to read) a newspaper when I (to come) in. 5. I (to wash) the dishes from six till seven yesterday. 6. What you (to do) at four o’clock yesterday? – I (to feed) my cat. 7. I (to go) to the cinema when you met me. 8. He (to play) computer games from two till three yesterday. 9. When mother (to come) home, I (to do) my homework. 10. When the woman (to enter) the room, the children (to feed) the goldfish. 11. What you (to do) at 5 o’clock yesterday? – I (to play) the piano. 12. I (to finish) my homework at nine o’clock yesterday. 13. Where you (to spend) last Sunday? 14. Yesterday I (to get) up at eight o’clock.



Вправа 17

Розкрийте дужки, вживаючи дiеслова у Past Simple або Past Continuous.

1. She (to finish) cooking at four o’clock yesterday. 2. What your brother (to do) yesterday? – He (to play) computer games. 3. I (to do) my homework the whole evening yesterday. 4. We (to play) computer games the whole evening yesterday. 5. When father (to come) home, Pete (to sleep). 6. When I (to visit) my friends in Denmark, I (to buy) two presents for my family. 7. When I (to come) to school, the children (to stand) near the classroom. 8. I (to play) the piano at five o’clock yesterday. 9. We (to be) in a hurry because only twenty minutes (to be) left before the beginning of the performance. 10. The train (to start) at fifteen minutes to ten. 11. At half past four yesterday we (to have) dinner. 12. I (to begin) repairing my camera at six o’clock yesterday. 13. I (to do) my homework when mother came home. 14. My brother (not to play) tennis yesterday. He (to play) tennis the day before yesterday.



Вправа 18

Розкрийте дужки, вживаючи дiеслова у Past Simple або Past Continuous.

1. When mother (to come) home, the children (to play) on the carpet. 2. When it (to start) raining, we (to swim) in the river. 3. We (to play) in the yard the whole evening yesterday. 4. He (to begin) to do his homework at four o’clock yesterday. 5. I (to play) the violin when my friend (to come) in. He (to invite) me to the theatre and I (to accept) the invitation with pleasure. 6. He (to put) on his coat and cap, (to open) the door and (to go) out. 7. We (to work) the whole morning yesterday. 8. At five o’clock yesterday Helen (to cook) soup. 9. I (to do) my homework yesterday. 10. My sister (not to play) the piano at four o’clock yesterday. She (to play) the piano the whole evening. 11. When I (to get) up, my mother and father (to drink) tea. 12. Yesterday at one o’clock I (to have) lunch at the canteen. 13. When I (to prepare) breakfast in the morning, I (to cut) my finger. 14. She (to play) the flute at four o’clock yesterday.



Вправа 19

Розкрийте дужки, вживаючи дiеслова у Past Simple або Past Continuous.

1. He (to ring) up his friend and (to ask) him about the homework. 2. At this time yesterday I (to watch) a play by Chekhov at the theatre. 3. Mother (to cook) dinner at three o’clock yesterday. 4. What you (to do) when your sister (to come) home yesterday? 5. I (to do) my homework from five till eight yesterday. 6. When I came into the kitchen, mother (to cook). 7. When I (to come) to my friend’s place, he (to watch) TV. 8. When he (to come) in, I (to do) my exercises. 9. Last year I (to go) to the United States. 10. I (to meet) Nick at three o’clock yesterday. 11. When I (to come) to the theatre, my friend already (to wait) for me. 12. He (to come) back to Toronto on the 15th of January. 13. They (to go) to the wood last Sunday? 14. You (to have) supper at nine o’clock yesterday?



Вправа 20

Розкрийте дужки, вживаючи дiеслова у Past Simple або Past Continuous.

1. I (to do) my homework at six o’clock yesterday. 2. She (to cook) the whole day yesterday. 3. When I (to see) my friends, they (to play) football. 4. What you (to do) at eight o’clock yesterday? 5. You (to go) to Great Britain last year? – No, I (to go) to France. 6. When I (to come) home, Kate (to play) the piano. 7. When I (to go) to the dentist’s, I (to brеak) my arm. 8. I (to go) to the institute when I (to see) him. 9. When they (to sail) down the river, they (to see) a little island. 10. He (not to go) to the shop yesterday. 11. I (not to play) the piano yesterday. I (to write) a letter to my friend. 12. We (to wash) the floor in our flat yesterday. 13. When I (to open) the door, the cat (to sit) on the table. 14. At this time yesterday I (to go) home.



Вправа 21

Розкрийте дужки, вживаючи дiеслова у Past Simple або Past Continuous.

1. What you (to do) yesterday? – I (to translate) a very long article. 2. When I (to meet) John, he (to go) to the railway station. 3. When the teacher (to walk) into the classroom, the boys (to listen) to pop music and the girls (to eat) chips and (to drink) lemonade. 4. At this time yesterday we (to have) dinner. 5. They (to translate) a difficult text yesterday. 6. Nick (to go) to bed at ten o’clock yesterday. 7. I (not to play) the piano at four o’clock yesterday. I (to read) a book. 8. We (to wash) the floor in our flat from three till four yesterday. 9. When Kate (to open) the door, the children (to dance) round the fir tree. 10. You (to sleep) when I (to go) out. 11. When I (to ring) up my friend, he (to sleep). 12. When I (to go) to the museum, I (to see) a big crowd of people in the street. 13. She (to go) to the bank when I (to meet) her. She (not to go) to the doctor. 14. He (to write) a letter when I (to come) in.



Вправа 22

Розкрийте дужки, вживаючи дiеслова у Past Simple або Past Continuous.

1. I (to open) the window at six o’clock yesterday. 2. Rick (to sleep) at eleven o’clock yesterday. 3. He (not to sleep) when father came home. He (to do) his homework. 4. You (to do) your homework yesterday? 5. When Tom (to cross) the street, he (to fall). 6. He (to read) on the sofa when I (to come) in and (to sit) down beside him. 7. While my grandfather (to watch) TV, he (to fall) asleep. 8. They (to play) in the yard in the evening yesterday. 9. What you (to do) when the accident (to happen)? – I (to walk) out of the hospital. 10. He (to make) a report when I (to leave) the meeting. 11. You (to go) to the cinema yesterday? 12. When we (to play) in the yard yesterday, it suddenly (to start) raining heavily. 13. When I (to go) to school the day before yesterday, I met Mike and Pete. They (to talk) and (to laugh). They told me a funny story. Soon I (to laugh), too. I still (to laugh) when we came to school. After school I (to tell) this story at home. My father and mother (to like) it very much. 14. You (to do) your homework from eight till ten yesterday?



Вправа 23

Розкрийте дужки, вживаючи дiеслова у Past Simple або Past Continuous.

1. When I (to go) to school, I (to meet) my friend. 2. I (to walk) along the street with my friend when a tram (to pass). 3. When my friend (to come) to see me, I (to do) my homework. 4. They (to play) in the yard the whole evening yesterday. 5. He (to leave) the bank, when the thieves (to take) his money. 6. Yesterday he (to write) a letter to his friend. 7. I (not to see) Mike last week. 8. I (to see) Mike when he (to cross) the street. 9. When we were in the country last summer, I (to go) to the woods one day. In the woods I (to find) a little fox cub. It could not run. It (to injure) its leg. I (to decide) to help the cub. I (to bring) it home. Every day I (to feed) it and (to take) care of it. I (to do) it the whole summer. Now the fox cub is quite well. It (to leave) my house. It lives in the woods again. 10. Why she (to sleep) at seven o’clock yesterday? 11. When we (to go) to the cinema, we (to meet) grandmother. 12. She (to look) out of the window when I (to see) her. 13. When I (to go) to the stadium, I (to meet) Kate and Ann. 14. I (to clean) my teeth at eight o’clock in the morning yesterday.



Вправа 24

Розкрийте дужки, вживаючи дiеслова у Past Simple або Past Continuous.

1. When I (to look) at them, they (to smile) at me. 2. When I (to open) the door, my friends (to sit) around the table. 3. He (to begin) repairing his bicycle in the morning yesterday. 4. He (to sit) at the table the whole evening yesterday. 5. When grandmother (to go) home, she (to see) many children in the yard. 6. We (to answer) the teacher’s questions when the headmistress (to enter) the class room. 7. When Nick (to ring) me up yesterday, I (to help) mother. 8. We (to go) to the wood in summer. 9. What you (to do) at six o’clock yesterday? 10. When you (to begin) doing your homework yesterday? 11. He (to repair) his bicycle the whole day yesterday. 12. What Nick (to do) when you came to his place? 13. When Henry (to walk) about in the forest, he (to find) a bear cub. 14. They (to drink) tea when I (to come) home. 15. He (to shave) when he (to hear) her scream.



Вправа 25

Розкрийте дужки, вживаючи дiеслова у Past Simple або Past Continuous.

1. When the children (to walk) through the wood, they (to see) a fox. 2. When the teacher (to open) the door of the classroom, the pupils (to sit) at their desks. 3. I (to go) to bed at half past eleven. 4. We (to discuss) the latest news from three till four yesterday. 5. He (to finish) repairing his bicycle in the evening yesterday. 6. What you (to do) when I rang you up? 7. When we (to walk) about in the forest, we (to see) a hare. 8. He (to walk) along the river when a boat (to pass). 9. When I (to come) home, my sister (to wash) the floor. 10. He (to get) up at seven o’clock yesterday. 11. Yesterday the lesson (to begin) at nine o’clock. 12. When I (to read) the newspaper yesterday, I (to find) an interesting article on UFOs. 13. We (to play) badminton from nine till eleven yesterday. 14. I (not to sleep) at nine o’clock yesterday. 15. At half past ten yesterday I (to sleep).



Вправа 26

Розкрийте дужки, вживаючи дiеслова у Past Simple або Past Continuous.

1. When I (to wash) the floor, I (to find) my old toy under the sofa. 2. The old man (to think) about his plan when he (to fall) asleep. 3. When Mike (to play) in the yard, he (to find) a ball. 4. Father (to come) home at six o’clock yesterday. 5. When somebody (to knock) on the door, she (to argue) with her husband. 6. You (to watch) TV yesterday? – Yes, we (to watch) TV the whole evening yesterday. 7. Kate (not to go) for a walk yesterday. She (to write) an essay the whole day yesterday. 8. What he (to do) yesterday? – He (to read) a book. 9. When granny (to read) a book on the sofa, she (to fall) asleep. 10. We (to listen) to an interesting lecture yesterday. 11. When I (to draw) yesterday, I (to break) two pencils. 12. I (to read) a book at six o’clock yesterday. 13. When Pete (to jog) in the park in the morning, he (to lose) his expensive mobile phone. 14. When you (to go) to bed yesterday? 15. We (not to go) on a walking tour last summer.



Вправа 27

Розкрийте дужки, вживаючи дiеслова у Past Simple або Past Continuous.

1. When your father (to come) home yesterday? – He (to come) home at seven o’clock. 2. What he (to do) the whole evening yesterday? – He (to read) a book. 3. When I (to play) in the yard, I suddenly (to see) my old friend. 4. When I (to enter) the classroom, the teacher (to write) words on the blackboard and the pupils (to copy) them into their exercise books. 5. When I (to meet) Tom, he (to go) to the shop. 6. She (to fall) asleep at eleven o’clock yesterday. 7. When the police (to take) the thief to the car, I (to go) to the cinema to see the new Tom Cruise film. 8. I (to go) to bed at ten o’clock yesterday. 9. When my father (to come) home yesterday, my mother (to make) supper. 10. She (to sleep) when you came home? – No, she (to knit). 11. When Nick (to run) about in the yard, he (to fall). 12. They (to get) ready to go out when it (to begin) to rain. 13. When I (to look) out of the window, the children (to play) hide-and-seek. 14. Mother (to drink) tea at eleven o’clock yesterday. 15. When I (to come) home from school yesterday, my little brother (to sit) on the floor with all his toys around him. He (to play) with them. I (to tell) him to put his toys into the box as he (to make) too much noise.



Вправа 28

Розкрийте дужки, вживаючи дiеслова у Past Simple або Past Continuous.

We (to walk) down the street in the direction of Mike’s house, when we (to see) him in the window of a bus that (to pass) by. He (to recognize) us, too, but he could not get off as the bus (to be) overcrowded. We (to be) very sorry that we (to have) no chance to speak to him. But we could do nothing and (to decide) to go back. At that very moment we (to hear) Mike’s voice behind us. “How funny,” he (to say), “I (to go) to your place when I suddenly (to see) you here. I am so glad to see you.”



Вправа 29

Розкрийте дужки, вживаючи дiеслова у Past Simple або Past Continuous.

The sun (to go) down behind the hills when I (to reach) a village which (to be) only a few miles from the sea. The working day (to be) over, and the villagers (to come) home from the fields. Along the road two boys (to drive) cows and sheep in the direction of the village. I (to approach) a group of people standing near the road and (to ask) them if I could find a place in the village to spend the night. An old man (to say) he would help me. He (to take) me to his small cottage at the far end of the street. A fire (to burn) in the stove when we (to enter) the house. One girl of about eighteen (to prepare) supper in the kitchen while two other girls still (to do) something in the kitchen garden near the house. The old man (to invite) me to have supper with them. They all (to seem) to be nice people and we (to have) a friendly talk. After supper my new friends and I (to go) out into the garden. The moon (to shine) high in the sky, and the night (to be) warm and beautiful. That evening (to be) very pleasant, and I’ll remember it a long time.




Рiзниця мiж The Past Simple i The Present Perfect


1. Говоримо чи не говоримо, коли щось сталося.

У Present Perfect мае значення факт вчинення дii i не мае значення, коли саме вона вiдбулася. У Past Simple зазвичай вказуеться, коли саме вiдбулася дiя.

Слова-маркери у Past Simple: yesterday (вчора), in 2015 (в 2015), ago (тому назад), when I was younger (коли я був молодший) та iншi.

I have ridden a horse! – Я iздив верхи! (неважливо, коли це було)

I rode a horse yesterday morning! – Вчора вранцi я iздив верхи! (конкретний момент у минулому)



2. Закiнчений перiод часу або поточний.

Якщо ми говоримо про перiод часу, який все ще тривае, вживаемо Present Perfect. Часто на поточний перiод вказують такi слова-маркери, як today (сьогоднi), this week (на цьому тижнi), this month (в цьому мiсяцi) i this year (цього року).

Якщо перiод закiнчений, використовуемо Past Simple. На нього вказують наступнi слова-маркери: last week (минулого тижня), last month (минулого мiсяця), last year (минулого року).

I haven’t seen you in the office this week. – Я не бачив тебе в офiсi цього тижня. (тиждень не закiнчився)

I didn’t see Sofie at work last week. – Я не бачив Софi на роботi минулого тижня. (минулий тиждень закiнчився)



3. Зв'язок з теперiшнiм часом i факт з минулого.

У Present Perfect завжди е якась прив'язка до сьогодення, тодi як за допомогою Past Simple можна просто викласти факти про минуле.

We’re so happy! We have learnt English! – Ми такi щасливi! Ми вивчили англiйську! (ми щасливi зараз – прив'язка до сьогодення)

Ivan learned English at school. – Іван вчив англiйську в школi. (факт з минулого)



Вправа 30

Розкрийте дужки, вживаючи дiеслова у Present Perfect або Past Simple.

1. Helen speaks French so well because she (to live) in France. 2. Last night I (to feel) tired and (to go) to bed very early. 3. I (not yet to eat) today. 4. She just (to go) out. 5. It (to be) very cold yesterday. 6. She (to live) there last year. 7. Where you (to spend) your holidays? 8. He (not to eat) yesterday. 9. She (to leave) the room a moment ago. 10. When you (to meet) him? 11. The rain (to stop) and the sun is shining in the sky again. 12. You ever (to spend) your holidays in the Crimea? 13. You (to play) the piano yesterday?



Вправа 31

Розкрийте дужки, вживаючи дiеслова у Present Perfect або Past Simple.

1. We (not yet to solve) the problem. 2. I (not to see) him since 2006. 3. The rain (to stop) half an hour ago. 4. While travelling in the Crimea, I (to meet) your friend. 5. You (to play) the piano today? 6. When it all (to happen)? 7. How many mushrooms you (to gather)? 8. Mary (to buy) a new hat. 9. I never (to visit) that place. 10. What you (to prepare) for today? 11. The morning was cold and rainy, but since ten o’clock the weather (to change) and now the sun is shining brightly. 12. Where you (to put) the newspaper? I want to read it, but cannot find it anywhere. 13. I (to buy) a pair of gloves yesterday.



Вправа 32

Розкрийте дужки, вживаючи дiеслова у Present Perfect або Past Simple.

1. He (to visit) that place last year. 2. Look at this birdhouse. Mike (to make) it himself. He (to make) it last Sunday. 3. Show me the dress which you (to make). 4. The new school (to begin) working last year. 5. The wind (to blow) off the man’s hat, and he cannot catch it. 6. I just (to get) a letter from Tom. 7. Where you (to put) my pen? I cannot find it. 8. Oh, how dark it is! A large black cloud (to cover) the sky. I think it will start raining in a few minutes. 9. At last I (to do) all my homework: now I will go out. 10. The weather (to change), and we can go for a walk. 11. You (to take) any photographs while travelling in the south? 12. You (to see) Mary today? 13. Oh, close the window! Look, all my papers (to fall) on the floor because of the wind.



Вправа 33

Розкрийте дужки, вживаючи дiеслова у Present Perfect або Past Simple.

1. The building of the house (to begin) early in April. 2. The wind (to change) in the morning. 3. He (to be) abroad five years ago. 4. When you (to see) Mary? – I (to see) her last week. 5. When you (to open) the window? – I (to open) it ten minutes ago. 6. The rain (to stop) but a cold wind is still blowing. 7. We (to travel) around Europe last year. 8. You (to be) in the Caucasus last year? 9. Your mother (to promise) to take you to the theatre? 10. The sun (not to rise) yet, but the sky in the east is getting lighter every minute. 11. We already (to solve) the problem. 12. My father knows so much because he (to travel) a lot. 13. They (to leave) England when he (to be) still a child.



Вправа 34

Розкрийте дужки, вживаючи дiеслова у Present Perfect або Past Simple.

1. Look at my new dress! I (to make) it myself. 2. I (to see) you walking along the street the other day with a heavy bag. 3. He (to come) a moment ago. 4. I (to see) Pete today. 5. He (not yet to come) back. 6. He is not at school today, he (to fall) ill. – When he (to fall) ill? – He (to fall) ill yesterday. 7. I (not to read) the newspaper today. 8. I never (to speak) to him. 9. She (to see) this film last Sunday. 10. He (to go) already? 11. I already (to do) my homework. Now I can go for a walk. 12. It is very late, and trams (to stop) running: we must find a taxi to get home. 13. He just (to finish) his work.



Вправа 35

Розкрийте дужки, вживаючи дiеслова у Present Perfect або Past Simple.

1. Alex (to meet) his friend two hours ago. 2. When you (to see) him last? 3. I (to do) my homework yesterday. 4. How many times you (to be) to Toronto? 5. You (to make) any spelling mistakes in your dictation? 6. I just (to meet) our teacher. 7. I (not to see) him for ages. 8. He just (to come) home. 9. At last I (to translate) this article: now I will have a little rest. 10. What books you (to read) when you (to live) in the country? 11. The children already (to decide) what to do with the books. 12. His health (to improve) greatly since I (to see) him last. 13. He (to come) home a minute ago.



Вправа 36

Розкрийте дужки, вживаючи дiеслова у Present Perfect або Past Simple.

1. We (to go) to the country yesterday, but the rain (to spoil) all the pleasure. 2. They (not yet to come) from the south. 3. Yesterday they (to decide) to help their grandmother. 4. You (to pass) your driving test yet? – Yes, I (to pass) it in May, but I (not to buy) a car yet. 5. Nick (to play) football yesterday. 6. My watch was going in the morning, but now it (to stop). 7. He (to be) ill last week, but now he (to recover). 8. I (not to see) you for a long time. I (to see) you in town two or three days ago, but you (not to see) me. I (to be) on a bus. 9. He already (to move). He (to find) a nice flat last Christmas and he (to be) there a year already. 10. She already (to come) from school. Now she is doing her homework. 11. The lecture (not yet to begin) and the students are talking in the classroom. 12. If everybody (to read) this new novel, let’s discuss it. 13. I (to read) this book last year.



Вправа 37

Розкрийте дужки, вживаючи дiеслова у Present Perfect або Past Simple.

1. You (to book) tickets? – Yes, I …. I (to book) them several days ago. 2. I (to read) this book this year. 3. I can hardly recognize you. I (not to see) you since you (to leave) for Toronto. And you (to change) so much. 4. I never (to be) to Washington. 5. You (to read) all the books on this shelf? 6. You ever (to be) to New York? 7. I (not to see) my cousin since last year. 8. I don’t think you ever (to see) Niagara Falls. 9. Why you (to put) these things in the wrong place? 10. I (to invite) Linda to the party. – When you (to see) her? – I (not to see) her for ages. I (to call) her an hour ago. 11. Why you (to leave) the door open? You will catch cold sitting in the draught. 12. “We (not to meet) for such a long time!” said my friend. “Yes, indeed,” I answered, “and we both (to grow).”




Рiзниця мiж The Past Simple i The Past Perfect


Past Simple використовуеться, коли дii вiдбуваються в хронологiчному порядку, а Past Perfect – коли потрiбно показати, яка дiя вiдбулося першою, ранiше iнших дiй.

He started the car, turned the radio on and fastened the seat belt. – Вiн завiв машину, включив радiо i пристебнув ремiнь безпеки.

Дii описуються в хронологiчному порядку: спочатку вiн завiв машину, потiм включив радiо i пристебнув ремiнь безпеки.

He started the car, turned the radio on, but before he had fastened the seat belt. – Вiн завiв машину, включив радiо, але перед цим пристебнув ремiнь безпеки.

Дii описуються не в хронологiчному порядку: спочатку вiн пристебнув ремiнь безпеки, а потiм завiв машину i включив радiо.



Часто в подiбних реченнях використовуеться слово when (коли).

When I got home, my son took my car. – Коли я прийшов додому, мiй син взяв у мене машину.

When I got home, I found that my son had taken my car. – Коли я прийшов додому, я виявив, що мiй син взяв мою машину.



Якщо з контексту зрозумiло, що одна дiя вiдбулася ранiше iншоi, можна використовувати як Past Perfect, так i Past Simple. Часто зрозумiти контекст i черговiсть подiй допомагають наступнi слова-маркери: before (перед тим як, до того як), after (пiсля того як), first (спершу, спочатку), as soon as (вiдразу пiсля того як; як тiльки), earlier (ранiше) i iншi.

I didn’t worry about speaking in front of so many people. I gave public speeches earlier. – Я не переживав щодо виступу перед великою кiлькiстю людей. Я i ранiше виступав на публiцi.

I didn’t worry about speaking in front of so many people. I had given public speeches earlier. – Я не переживав щодо виступу перед великою кiлькiстю людей. Я i ранiше виступав на публiцi.



Вправа 38

Розкрийте дужки, вживаючи дiеслова у Past Simple або Past Perfect.

1. When the police … (to arrive), we already … (to catch) the thief. 2. Tom (to return) from the cinema at five o’clock. 3. By two o’clock the teacher (to examine) all the students. 4. Jack … (to finish) the test before the bell … (to ring). 5. Tom (to return) from the cinema by five o’clock. 6. On my way to school I (to remember) that I (to leave) my report at home. 7. When Anna … (to come) to say good-night, her children already … (to fall) asleep. 8. I (to finish) my homework at seven o’clock. 9. My friends (to be) glad to hear that I (to pass) all the exams successfully. 10. Scott already … (to prepare) the dinner when her husband … (to get) home from work. 11. I (to finish) my homework by seven o’clock. 12. Poor Oliver (to lie) unconscious on the spot where Sikes (to leave) him. 13. When Brad and Susan … (to get) married, they … (to know) each other for 3 years. 14. He (to think) that he (to lose) the money. 15. Mary (to tell) us that she (to cook) a good dinner.



Вправа 39

Розкрийте дужки, вживаючи дiеслова у Past Simple або Past Perfect.

1. He (to open) his eyes, (to look) around and (to try) to remember what (to happen) to him. 2. She … (not to enjoy) the film because she … (to read) the book before. 3. Ann (to tell) me that she (to see) an interesting film. 4. All the passengers (to see) at once that the old man (to travel) a great deal in his life. 5. Our apartment … (to be) in a mess because I … (to have) a birthday party the night before. 6. When I (to come) home, mother already (to cook) dinner. 7. By the time we (to come) to see him, he (to return) home. 8. We … (not to go) to a restaurant because we … (to spend) all our money on clothes. 9. When father (to return) from work, we already (to do) our homework. 10. During the holidays my friend (to visit) the village where he (to live) in his childhood. 11. Mary … (can’t go skating) after she … (to break) her leg. 12. When the teacher (to enter) the classroom, the pupils already (to open) their books. 13. When they (to enter) the hall, the performance already (to begin). 14. Larry … (to be) late because he … (to get) stuck in a traffic jam. 15. Kate (to give) me the book which she (to buy) the day before. 16. Yesterday I (to find) the book which I (to lose) in summer.



Вправа 40

Розкрийте дужки, вживаючи дiеслова у Past Simple або Past Perfect.

1. When I came home, my mother (to tell) me that she (to receive) a letter from grandfather. 2. Nick (to show) the teacher the picture which he (to draw). 3. Where you (to work) before you (to go) to university? 4. The boy (to give) the goats the grass which he (to bring) from the field. 5. He (to know) French before he (to visit) France. 6. Mother (to see) that Nick (not to wash) his hands. 7. Lanny (to say) that he (to get) his education in Cape Town. 8. The teacher (to understand) that Lena (not to do) her homework. 9. The boy (to want) to act the main part in the play because he (to organize) the theatre. 10. I (to know) that my friend (not yet to come). 11. Lanny (not to know) who (to attack) him in the darkness. 12. When I (to wake) up yesterday, father already (to go) to work. 13. The girl (to be) glad that she (to find) a seat near the window. 14. Nick (to think) that his father (not yet to come) home. 15. Suddenly he (to remember) that he (not to ring) her up in the morning. 16. When we (to come) to the station, the train already (to leave).




Рiзниця мiж The Present Perfect i The Past Perfect


Present Perfect використовують для опису дii, яка завершилася до теперiшнього моменту, в той час як Past Perfect – для дii, яка почалася i завершилася до певного моменту в минулому.

Основнi слова-маркери Past Perfect i Present Perfect: already (вже), just (тiльки що), since (з), yet (вже; ще не), ever (коли-небудь), for (на протягом).



He has already left, but you can call him and ask to wait for you. – Вiн уже пiшов, але ти можеш йому зателефонувати i попросити почекати тебе. – Present Perfect – (дiя завершилася до певного моменту в сьогоденнi)

When I called the police, the thief had already gone. – Коли я подзвонив в полiцiю, злодiй вже втiк. – Past Perfect – (дiя завершилася до певного моменту в минулому)



I haven’t finished cooking yet. Can you, please, wait a bit? – Я ще не закiнчила готувати вечерю. Можеш, будь ласка, трохи почекати? – Present Perfect – (дiя завершилася до певного моменту в сьогоденнi)

I hadn’t finished cooking dinner yet so he ate a sandwich. – Вiн прийшов додому дуже рано вчора. Я ще не закiнчила готувати вечерю, тому вiн з'iв сендвiч. – Past Perfect – (дiя завершилася до певного моменту в минулому)



We have been married for 20 years, and now he wants to get divorced. – Ми одруженi 20 рокiв, i тепер вiн хоче розлучитися. – Present Perfect – (дiя завершилася до певного моменту в сьогоденнi)

We had been married for 20 years and got divorced in 2018. – Ми були одруженi 20 рокiв i розлучилися в 2018. – Past Perfect – (дiя завершилася до певного моменту в минулому)




Рiзниця мiж The Future Perfect, The Future Simple i The Future Continuous


Future Simple – щось станеться в майбутньому – говоримо про це як про факт, без акценту на тривалостi або завершеностi дii.

I will buy tickets for the concert tomorrow. – Я куплю квитки на концерт завтра.

He will talk to his boss as soon as he can. – Вiн поговорить з босом, як тiльки зможе.



Future Continuous – дiя почнеться в майбутньому i триватиме якийсь час – акцент на тривалостi цiеi дii.

I will be going home from work this time. – У цей час я йтиму з роботи додому.

I will be waiting for you. – Я буду тебе чекати.



Future Perfect – дiя завершиться до певного моменту в майбутньому – акцент на результатi цiеi дii.

They will have finished the project before the deadline. – Вони закiнчать проект в строк.

We will have been best friends for 30 years by then. – На той час ми будемо друзями вже 30 рокiв.




Рiзниця мiж The Present Perfect Continuous i The Present Continuous


Present Perfect Continuous – дiя почалася якийсь час назад, тривала i все ще тривае.

She has been playing volleyball since childhood. – Вона грае у волейбол з дитинства. Вона справжнiй професiонал.

I have been washing the car. I need to take a shower. – Я мив машину. Менi потрiбно прийняти душ.



Present Continuous – дiя вiдбуваеться зараз.

She is playing volleyball. Look – she is wearing black shorts and a white T-shirt. – Вона грае у волейбол. Подивися – на нiй чорнi шорти i бiла футболка.

I am washing the car. Then I’ll have a shower. – Я мию машину. Потiм я прийму душ.




Рiзниця мiж The Present Perfect Continuous i The Present Perfect


Present Perfect Continuous – акцент на тривалостi дii. Неважливо, закiнчилася дiя чи нi.

I have been cleaning the kitchen all morning. I am very tired. – Я прибирала кухню весь ранок. Я дуже втомилася.

Mary is very studious. She has been doing homework all evening. – Мерi дуже старанна. Вона робить домашне завдання весь вечiр.

Present Perfect – акцент на результатi дii. Дiя виконана.

I have cleaned the kitchen. It is as good as new now. – Я прибрала кухню. Тепер вона як новенька.

She can go out because she has done her homework. – Вона може йти гуляти, бо зробила домашне завдання.



Present Perfect Continuous – дiя все ще тривае або тiльки що закiнчилася. Можна задати питання how long? (як довго?).

I have been watching the last season of “Game of Thrones” since yesterday. – Я дивлюся останнiй сезон "Гри престолiв" з учорашнього дня.

They have been hitchhiking for seven years. – Вони подорожують автостопом вже сiм рокiв.

Present Perfect – дiю завершено. Можна задати питання how much? (скiльки?), how many times? (скiльки разiв?), how often? (як часто?).

I have watched the last episode of “Game of Thrones” three times. – Я подивився останню серiю "Гри престолiв" три рази.

I have never hitchhiked in my life. – Я нiколи в життi не подорожував автостопом.




Рiзниця мiж The Present Perfect Continuous i The Past Continuous


Present Perfect Continuous – дiя почалася в минулому i або все ще тривае, або у неi е результат в сьогоденнi.

What have you been doing all day today? – I have been working on a presentation for our next meeting. – Чим ти займався весь день сьогоднi? – Я працював над презентацiею для нашого наступного зiбрання.

Past Continuous – дiя вiдбувалася в певний момент в минулому.

What were you doing at 9 p.m. yesterday? – I was working on a presentation for our next meeting. – Що ти робив вчора о 9 годинi вечора? – Я працював над презентацiею для нашого наступного зiбрання.




Рiзниця мiж The Future Perfect Continuous i The Future Perfect Simple




Future Perfect Continuous i Future Perfect Simple схожi, а iнодi можуть бути взаемозамiнними. Наприклад, у випадку з дiесловами, якi не використовуються з часами Continuous: know, understand та iншими. Однак е мiж ними одна важлива вiдмiннiсть – для Future Perfect Continuous важливо пiдкреслити тривалiсть дii, а Future Perfect Simple робить акцент на завершеностi дii i ii результатi.



By the end of the day I will have been reading for eight hours. – К кiнцю дня я буду читати протягом восьми годин. – Future Perfect Continuous

By the end of the day I will have read 500 pages of the book. – К кiнцю дня я прочитаю 500 сторiнок книги. – Future Perfect Simple



I will have been working on this project for six months by the end of this year. – К кiнцю року я буду працювати над цим проектом вже протягом шести мiсяцiв. – Future Perfect Continuous

I will have finished working on this project by the end of this year. – К кiнцю року я закiнчу працювати над цим проектом. – Future Perfect Simple



Запам'ятайте:

У додаткових реченнях часу i умови пiсля сполучникiв if, when, as soon as, before, till/until, after замiсть майбутнього часу вживаеться теперiшнiй час.



Вправа 41

Розкрийте дужки, вживаючи дiеслова у Present Continuous, Present Simple або Future Simple.

1. I (to play) chess tomorrow. 2. It (to be) cold in autumn. It often (to rain). A cold wind often (to blow). 3. You (to come) to my place next Sunday? 4. My sister (not to like) coffee. 5. I (not to play) chess tomorrow. 6. The weather (to be) fine today. It (to be) warm, the sun (to shine) brightly. A soft wind (to blow). Small white clouds (to sail) in the sky. 7. You (to read) this book next week? 8. When you (to go) to bed every day? 9. You (to play) chess tomorrow? 10. Don’t go out: it (to rain) heavily. 11. You (to read) books every day? 12. What he (to read) now? 13. He (to play) chess every day. 14. Take your raincoat with you. I am afraid it (to rain) in the evening and you (to get) wet through if you (not to put) it on.



Вправа 42

Розкрийте дужки, вживаючи дiеслова у Present Continuous, Present Simple або Future Simple.

1. You (to read) a book now? 2. What he (to read) every day? 3. He (not to play) chess every day. 4. Every spring birds (to come) to our garden and (to sing) in the trees. 5. I (not to see) him tomorrow. 6. What he (to read) tomorrow? 7. He (to play) chess every day? 8. Listen! Somebody (to sing) in the next room. 9. What you (to do) tomorrow? 10. You (to give) me this book tomorrow? 11. They (to play) chess now. 12. It usually (not to snow) at this time of the year. 13. What your friend (to do) tomorrow? 14. Where she (to be) tomorrow?



Вправа 43

Розкрийте дужки, вживаючи дiеслова у Present Continuous, Present Simple або Future Simple.

1. They (not to play) chess now. 2. What the weather (to be) like now? It (to snow)? – No, it … . 3. Where you (to go) next summer? 4. Where she (to go) tomorrow? 5. They (to play) chess now? 6. We (to go) out of town to ski on Sunday? – Yes, we … if it (to snow) this week and if there (to be) a lot of snow everywhere. 7. Where you (to go) every morning? 8. She (to go) to the country with us tomorrow? 9. Nick (to walk) in the park now. 10. What you (to do) tomorrow? – We (to go) out of town if the weather (not to change) for the worse. You (to come) with us? – With pleasure, if only I (not to have) too much work to do at home. 11. Where you (to go) now? 12. They (to stay) at home tomorrow. 13. Nick (to go) to school every day. 14. If we (to have) TV sets at our supermarket, they (to inform) customers about things in the store.



Вправа 44

Розкрийте дужки, вживаючи дiеслова у Present Continuous, Present Simple або Future Simple.

1. Look! Mary (to dance). 2. What you (to do) now? I (to see) that you (not to read). 3. Nick (to go) to school tomorrow. 4. If we (to play) music, it (to produce) the right atmosphere. 5. She (to dance) every day. 6. When you (to finish) your homework? It (to be) very late, it (to be) time to go to bed. 7. I (to miss) your excellent cooking! 8. If we (to put) in cameras, they (to stop) people stealing things. 9. She (to dance) tomorrow? 10. How you usually (to spend) evenings? 11. You ever (to buy) presents? 12. If we (to employ) more assistants, they (to help) our customers. 13. He (to go) to the theatre tomorrow. 14. What you (to do) in the country next summer?



Вправа 45

Розкрийте дужки, вживаючи дiеслова у Present Continuous, Present Simple або Future Simple.

1. You (to think) it (to be) easy or difficult to choose the right presents for people? 2. We (to go) to school in the morning. 3. They (not to drink) tea now. I (to think) they (to watch) TV. 4. What present your mother (to receive) for her next birthday? 5. Look! Kate (to go) to school. 6. What your father (to drink) in the evening? 7. You (to help) your mother tomorrow? 8. When you (to get) up every day? – I (to get) up at seven o’clock. 9. I (not to play) the guitar now. 10. My brother usually (not to get) up at seven o’clock. As a rule, he (to get) up at six o’clock, but tomorrow he (to get) up at seven o’clock. 11. My brother (to play) the guitar every evening. 12. Why she (to come) home so late tomorrow? 13. They (not to take) care of the garden next summer. 14. We (to go) to the country the day after tomorrow.



Вправа 46

Розкрийте дужки, вживаючи дiеслова у Present Continuous, Present Simple або Future Simple.

1. You (to like) apples? 2. Our friends always (to go) to the country for the weekend. 3. You (to eat) apples tomorrow? 4. Look! The kitten (to play) with its tail. 5. Nick (to read) a lot of books. 6. Your parents (to watch) TV now? 7. Mother (to work) every day. 8. My sister (not to rest) now. She (to help) mother in the kitchen. She (to help) mother in the kitchen every day. 9. He (not to sleep) now. 10. Your brother (to go) to the exhibition next Sunday? 11. We (not to go) to the zoo tomorrow. 12. I (not to learn) the poem now. 13. She (to live) in San Francisco. 14. My father (to shoot) very well. 15. He is very strong. Look! He (to carry) a very heavy box.



Вправа 47

Розкрийте дужки, вживаючи дiеслова у потрiбному часi.

1. Before you (to cross) the park, you will come to a supermarket. 2. When you (to cross) the park, you will see the hospital. 3. If you (to translate) this article into English, I will use it in my report. 4. If she (to be) in Toronto now, she will meet you at the railway station. 5. If you (not to hurry), you will miss the train. 6. If it (to rain), we shan’t go to the country. 7. When my friend (to come) to Toronto, we will go to the Art Museum. 8. What will you be doing when he (to come) to your place? 9. Don’t forget to pay for your dinner before you (to leave) the canteen. 10. I will be able to translate this article if you (to give) me a dictionary. 11. You will have to work hard at home if you (to miss) the lesson. 12. Where will you go when you (to come) to London? 13. The child won’t be healthy if you (not to give) him much fruit. 14. I shan’t have dinner before mother (to come) home. 15. What will you do if you (not to finish) your homework tonight? 16. She will wait for him till he (to come) back. 17. What do you want to do after you (to leave) school? 18. I’ll call you as soon as I (to get) home from the hospital.



Вправа 48

Розкрийте дужки, вживаючи дiеслова у Present Simple або Future Simple. (Усi речення вiдносяться до майбутнього.)

1. If I (to stay) some more days in your town, I (to call) on you and we (to have) a good talk. 2. If the weather (to be) nice, we probably (to go) to the beach. 3. My grandmother is superstitious. She always says to me, “If you (to spill) salt, you should throw a little salt over your left shoulder. If you (not to do) this, you (to have) bad luck. If you (to break) a mirror, you (to have) bad luck for seven years.” 4. He (to go) to the Public Library very often when he (to be) a student. 5. If he still (to have) a cold and (not to feel) better, he (not to go) to a disco. 6. I (not to speak) to him until he (to apologize). 7. As soon as I (to return) from school, I (to ring) you up. 8. If you (to decide) to forget about your diet, you (to eat) a piece of wedding cake tomorrow. 9. Peter (to introduce) us to his friends as soon as we (to meet) them. 10. You (to pass) many towns and villages on your way before you (to arrive) in Toronto. 11. If I (to drink) too much champagne at my friend’s wedding, I (to get) a bad headache. 12. We (to go) to the station to meet Sergei when he (to come) to Toronto. 13. I (to stay) at home till she (to come). Then we (to go) to the theatre if she (to bring) the tickets. 14. If they (to go) to California next year, they (to visit) his friend in San Francisco. 15. Don’t go away until mother (to come) back. Give her the note as soon as she (to come).



Вправа 49

Розкрийте дужки, вживаючи дiеслова у Present Simple або Future Simple. (Усi речення вiдносяться до майбутнього.)

1. I (to go). 2. If she (not to work) properly, her boss (to fire) her and (to hire) my sister. 3. You (to go) to the library with us? – No, I …. I (to stay) here and (to help) Jane with her grammar. I (to come) to the library after I (to finish). 4. When he (to return) to Toronto, he (to call) on us. 5. I (to see) you before you (to start)? 6. Ring me up before you (to come). 7. If I (to see) him, I (to tell) him about their letter. 8. What he (to do) when he (to come) home? 9. I (to speak) to Mary if I (to see) her today. 10. We (to gather) at our place when my brother (to come) back from Africa. 11. Where they (to go) if the weather (to be) fine? 12. If you (to ask) me a difficult question, I (to be) nervous. If I (to be) nervous, I (to make) a mistake. If I (to make) a mistake, the other students (to laugh) at me. If the other students (to laugh) at me, I (to be) embarrassed. And if I (to be) embarrassed, I (to cry). So please don’t ask me a difficult question! 13. I (to sing) this song with you if you (to tell) me the words. 14. He (to ring) me up when he (to return) home. 15. I hope you (to join) us when we (to gather) in our country house the next time.



Вправа 50

Розкрийте дужки, вживаючи дiеслова у Present Simple або Future Simple. (Усi речення вiдносяться до майбутнього.)

1. If it (to rain), we (to stay) at home. 2. What you (to do) when you (to come) home? 3. She (to walk) home if it (not to be) too cold. 4. When they (to cross) the road, they (to see) the hotel. 5. I am sure he (to come) to say goodbye to us before he (to leave) Toronto. 6. Before she (to get) to the theatre, she (to go) past the shopping centre. 7. Please turn off the light when you (to leave) the room. 8. What we (to do) if it (to rain) tonight? 9. If we (to be) tired, we (to stop) at a small village halfway to Toronto and (to have) a short rest and a meal there. 10. What she (to do) if she (to see) her best friend again? 11. If you (to miss) the 10.30 train, there is another at 10.35. 12. If the bus (to be) very crowded, you (to be) exhausted by the time you (to get) to work. 13. She (to make) all the arrangements about it before she (to fly) there. 14. If it (to be) very cold tonight, our car (not to start) in the morning. 15. Before he (to start) for London, he (to spend) a week or two at a holiday resort not far from here. 16. He (to watch) videos after he (to finish) his homework.



Вправа 51

Перекладiть на англiйську мову, вживаючи дiеслова у Present Simple або Future Simple.

1. Вiн зробить вправи з англiйськоi мови, якщо у нього не буде iнших справ. 2. Якщо я не допоможу йому, вiн завтра не напише контрольну роботу. 3. Вiн не пiде в бiблiотеку сьогоднi ввечерi. 4. Якщо вiн не пiде в бiблiотеку, вiн буде вдома. 5. Ми будемо вдома завтра. 6. Якщо ми будемо вдома завтра, ми подивимося цю програму по телевiзору. 7. Завтра ii не буде вдома. 8. Якщо ii завтра не буде вдома, залиш iй записку. 9. Завтра погода буде хороша. 10. Якщо завтра погода буде хороша, ми поiдемо за мiсто. 11. Коли вона приходить до школи, вона знiмае пальто. 12. Коли вона прийде в школу, вона знiме пальто. 13. Як тiльки вiн згадуе цю кумедну сцену, вiн починае смiятися. 14. Як тiльки вiн згадае цю кумедну сцену, вiн почне смiятися. 15. Я прийду додому о шостiй годинi. 16. Коли я прийду додому, я подзвоню вам. 17. Вона подзвонить нам ввечерi. 18. Якщо вона подзвонить вам, попросiть ii принести менi книгу. 19. Я побачу Тома завтра. 20. Як тiльки я побачу Тома, я розповiм йому про це. 21. Я поiду в Париж наступного тижня. 22. Перед тим як я поiду в Париж, я подзвоню вам.



Вправа 52

Розкрийте дужки, вживаючи дiеслова у Present Simple або Past Simple.

1. His sister (to study) English every day. 2. Tom always (to eat) breakfast. 3. She (to study) English two hours ago. 4. Yesterday he (not to eat) breakfast because he (to get) up late. 5. Your brother (to go) to school last Friday? – Yes, he …. 6. We (to like) to cook but we (not to like) to wash the dishes. 7. I (to go) to bed at ten o’clock every day. 8. He never (to shout) at his students. He (to be) a wonderful teacher, I remember. 9. I (to go) to bed at ten o’clock yesterday. 10. My friend (to know) Spanish very well. 11. My brother (to wash) his face every morning. 12. Who (to ring) you up an hour ago?



Вправа 53

Розкрийте дужки, вживаючи дiеслова у Present Simple або Past Simple.

1. Last night he (to wash) his face with soap and water. 2. He (to live) on the third floor. 3. I (not to have) history lessons every day. 4. It (to take) you long to find his house yesterday? 5. We (not to rest) yesterday. 6. When your lessons (to be) over on Monday? 7. My brother (not to drink) coffee yesterday. 8. I (to have) dinner with my family yesterday. 9. My mother always (to take) a bus to get to work, but yesterday she (not to take) a bus. Yesterday she (to walk) to her office. 10. Her friends (to be) ready at five o’clock. 11. You (to talk) to the members of your family every day? – Yes, I …. But yesterday I (not to talk) to them: I (to be) very busy yesterday. 12. One of her brothers (to make) a tour of Europe last summer.



Вправа 54

Розкрийте дужки, вживаючи дiеслова у Present Simple або Past Simple.

1. You (to come) home at six o’clock yesterday? – No, I …. Yesterday I (to come) home from school at half past eight. I (to be) very tired. I (to have) dinner with my family. After dinner I (to be) very thirsty. I (to drink) two cups of tea. Then I (to rest). 2. Queen Elizabeth II (to be) born in 1926. She (to become) Queen of England in 1952. 3. Mary (to like) writing stories. 4. You always (to get) up at seven o’clock? – No, sometimes I (to get) up at half past seven. 5. Last week she (to write) a funny story about her pet. 6. Antonio Stradivari (to make





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