Книга - COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2
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COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2
, , , , , , , SARS-CoV-2 . , SISET, ISTH, AIFA, NIH, SIMG, RCPCH, RCOG, NICE. , , , , COVID-19 , COVID-19. 2023 .
COVID-19/SARS-CoV-2
,2023
ISBN978-5-0059-8873-7
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aOR adjusted Odds Ratio
aPTT activated partial thromboplastin time ( )
AB0
ACE2 ngiotensin-converting enzyme2
ADCC Antibody-dependent cell-mediated cytotoxicity
ADCP antibody-dependent cellular phagocytosis
AIFA Agenzia Italiana del Farmaco
AKI acute kidney injury
ARB angiotensin receptor blockers
ARDS -
ART
ATI acute tubular injury
BAL
BCG Bacillus Calmette-Gurin
Bi-PAP bilevel positive airway pressure
BMJ British Medical Journal
BSL3 3
CAPA , COVID-19
CKD chronic kidney disease
CLEIA chemiluminescence enzyme immunoassay
COVID-19 COronaVIrus Disease19
CPAP
CRISPR clustered regularly interspaced short palindromic repeats
CRP -
CTD C-terminal domain
CVD cardiovascular disease
CVST
CXCL8 chemokine (C-X-C motif) ligand8
CXR
DOAC
DPI
ECMO
ELISA enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay
EMA
EMT epithelial-mesenchymal transition
EUA
EUL Emergency use listing
FA
FDA Food and Drug Administration
FFP filtering facepiece
FiO2
GCS Glasgow
GDG Guideline Development Group
GDS Geriatric Depression Scale
GLP1 glucagon-like peptide1
GOLD Global Initiative for Obstructive Lung Disease
GSCF Granulocyte-colony stimulating factor
HAT human airway trypsinlike protease
HCoV Human Coronavirus
HE
HFNC
HFNO
HIPA -
HIT -
HIV Human immunodeficiency virus
HR hazard ratio
IBD inflammatory bowel disease
ICU
IFN
IFR Infection Fatality Ratio
IgM M
IL
ILI Immune-mediated liver injury
INR international normalized ratio
INS idiopathic nephrotic syndrome
IOIBD International Organization for the Study ofIBD
IP10 interferon-inducible protein
IPB
ISPED Italian Society for Pediatric Endocrinology and Diabetology
ISTH International Society on Thrombosis and Haemostasis
IQR
JAKs Janus kinase inhibitors
KL-6 KREBS Von Den Lungen-6
LDH
LFIA lateral flow immunoassay
LUTS lower urinary tract symptoms
mAb
miR micro-RNA
mRNA
MAFLD metabolic-associated fatty liver disease
MAIT Mucosal-associated invariantT
MAP
MBL mannose binding lectin
MCP1 Monocyte Chemoattractant Protein1
MDA5 melanoma differentiation-associated gene5
MDT multidisciplinaryteam
MERS
MEWS Modified Early Warning Score
MFG
MHPSS mental health and psychosocial support
MIP1A macrophage inflammatory protein-1alpha
MIS-C Multisystemic inflammatory syndrome inchildren and adolescents temporally related toCOVID-19
MPV mean platelet volume
MR-proADM Mid-regional proadrenomedullin
MSC
nsp
NAAT Nucleic Acid AmplificationTest
NAFLD nonalcoholic fatty liver disease
NET Neutrophil extracellulartrap
NEWS2 National Early Warning Scores
NGS next-generation sequencing
NICE National Institute ofHealth and Clinical Excellence
NIV non-invasive ventilation
NK natural killer
NMDA N--D-
NPPV Noninvasive Positive-Pressure Ventilation
NTD N-terminal domain
NYHA New York Heart Association
NXP2 nuclear matrix protein2
OR Odds Ratio
ORF Open Reading Frame
PaO2
PAPR Powered Air Purifying Respirator
PASC post-acute sequelae ofCOVID-19
PBW predicted body weight
PDE5 phosphodiesterase type5
PEEP positive end-expiratory pressure
PEWS Paediatric Early Warning Scores
PF4 4
PICS post-intensive care syndrome
PLR Platelet?to?lymphocyte ratio
POC Point-of-care
PPCI primary percutaneous coronary intervention
PPI proton pump inhibitor
PrEP pre-exposure prophylaxis
PRES posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome
PSV Pressure Support Ventilation
PT
PTSD Post-traumatic stress disorder
PUFA polyunsaturated fatty acids
PVR-SAE potentially vaccine-related serious adverse event
PVS post-VAC syndrome
RAAS Renin-angiotensin aldosterone system
RBD Receptor-binding domain
RCOG Royal College ofObstetricians and Gynecologists
RCPCH Royal College ofPaediatrics and Child Health
RCT
RdRp RNA polimerasi RNA-dipendente
RDT rapid diagnostictest
RDW red blood cell distribution width
RNA
ROX , /FiO2,
RPA/RAA recombinase polymerase amplification/Recombinase-aided amplification
RT-PCR
SAGE Strategic Advisory Group ofExperts on Immunization
SAR Secondary attackrate
SARI
SARS
SARS-CoV-2 2
SDGs Sustainable Development Goals
SGLT2 Sodium-glucose Cotransporter-2
SGTF S gene target failure
SIC sepsis-induced coagulopathy
SIIA
SIMG Societ? Italiana di Medicina Generale e delle Cure primarie
SISET Societ? Italiana per lo Studio dellEmostasi e della Trombosi
SOFA Sequential Organ Failure Assessment
SpO2
SSE Superspreading events
STEMI ST-Elevation Myocardial Infarction
TAPSE Tricuspid annular plane systolic excursion
TGF-?
TGM/CGM Tixagevimab/cilgavimab
TIMI Thrombolysis inMyocardial Infarction
TLR2 toll-like2receptor
TMPRSS2 Transmembrane Serine Protease2
TNF-?
TREM-1 Triggering receptor expressed on myeloid cells-1
UFH
VATTS Vaccine-associated Thrombosis and Thrombocytopaenic Syndrome
VE Vaccine effectiveness
VITT vaccine-induced immune thrombotic thrombocytopenia
VKA vitamin K antagonists
VOC variant ofconcern
VOI variant ofinterest
VTE
VUI variant under investigation
VZV varicella zoster virus
+ssRNA Positive-Sense Single-StrandedRNA
, SARS-CoV-2 2023. . , , , , . , , , , COVID-19, long COVID, , SARS-CoV-2, , COVID-19 , SARS-CoV-2 , . , SISET, ISTH, AIFA, NIH, SIMG, RCPCH, RCOG, NICE, SIIA, ISPED, GOLD. , , , , , , , COVID-19, , .
PubMed covid19 pathology, covid-19, SARS-CoV-2 20202023. PubMed SARS-CoV-2 02.02.23. , , 2021. 12000 , . . , . /, , / COVID-19 .
: bias; , COVID . , (ACapodici, 2022) , COVID. , , , - . , , . , Yanfei Li, 2021, , 243 12,3% , 25,9% 61,7% . [683] , , , , , , , . (X L Ang, 2021) I. Skafle et al., 2022, 3 : , . , , ; SARS-CoV-2.
S Zhao, 2023, , , , , . . : 2,5% 55,4% .
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2023.
. -, 2016. 2018 ( ). 20122013. ( ). 2021. Universit? degli Studi di Perugia . , ; , 38-UA . 2020. Ȼ, (COVID-19). 2020 COVID-19: Condividiamo? Coronavirus, non solo una sfida clinica , , , , . - 2020ࠖ ( Contact tracing COVID-19) COVID-19 . 2021ࠖ COVID-19: AstraZeneca . 30, : XXIV , VI ӻ, PainControl .
I.
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4 2023 761.402.282 COVID-19, 6.887.000. , 25673442, 188933 [3] (.. 379 [4]).
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, 229 2023., : (-81%), - (-71%), (-63%), (-35%), (-20%) (-15%). , 28, : (+173%), (+29%) (+13%). : - (-62%), (-45%) (-25%).
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16 12 2023 6,7 64 000 , 92% 47% 28 . (Weekly epidemiological update on COVID-19, 130 15 2023) , , .
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R0 ( , reproductive number) = 22,5[38], 5,7[42]. - R0=5.08. [176] R0=4,20[473], B.1.617.2. [794] R0?4,6, R0?1,2. [461] 蠖 , . R0 SARS-CoV-2 , R0 MERS (R0=0,6) SARS (R0=1). [96] 4,78log (/). [576]
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SARS-CoV-2 - (single-stranded, ssRNA+) ( , MERS-CoV SARS-CoV), Baltimore group IV. Coronaviridae, Orthocoronavirinae, Betacoronavirus, Sarbecoviridae Nidovirales [258261]. ࠖ 0,1 (100150).
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SARS-CoV-2
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SARS-CoV-2 14ORF [231] (Open Reading Frames) 29903bp. [93] SARS-CoV 5?-ORF1ab-S-E-MN3?. [93] - - (RdRp). SARS-CoV-2 , SARS-CoV MERS-CoV.
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- 103 SARS-CoV-2 , 2020, (L S). L (~70%) , S (~30%). S . [9] 2023 .
, SARS-CoV-2 79% SARS-CoV 50% MERS-CoV. (Zhang et al, 2020, Kirtipal et al, 2020)
III. SARS-COV-2
, SARS-CoV-2, . , , .
Gisaid 2023. 4000 SARS-CoV-2. [228] 3 2023. GISAID 7400000 Omicron SARS-CoV-2. [174]
, D614G 2021 (Plante et al, 2020). Volz et al, 2021, , D614G .
20 2020 SARS-CoV-2 ( VUI 202012/01, ). : 6970, 144, N501Y, A570D, D614G, P681H, T716I, S982A, D1118H. N501Y RBD.
: escape mutations, , .
(, 2021) SARS-CoV-2 - , , 2021. 30- , V (n=37902), 91% Alpha, [ (aOR) 1,34 1,53] [aOR 1,57 aOR 1,88] -V. [224]
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, , COVID-19, Delta, , Alpha. [227] 2,3% , Delta, 2,2% , Alpha, 14 . , HR , Delta 14 (5,7%), , Alpha (4,2%). (74%) , , . [227] , , , , .
( 5). , 5 ( ?FVI-spike Statens Serum Institut), . [246] , ; , .
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VOI Epsilon ( B.1.427/ B.1.429), Zeta ( P.2) Theta ( P.3) Alerts for further monitoring. / , , V VOI. , COVID-19Weekly Epidemiological Update. Edition 47, 6July2021
( B.1.427/ B.1.429) , . [173] 6 2021GISAID 50000 45. [174]
5% 2021 0,5% - 2021. [175] (98%) , Epsilon , , . , , .
Zeta ( P.2) E484K, ; , , V VOI. 2020 , . , Zeta, (<0,5%) 2021. 6 2021GISAID 4439 42. (52%, n=2319) , 55% 2021. V- Zeta <2% 2021. . [177]
( P.3) , , ; . 6 2021GISAID 269 14. (71%, n=191) ; - , 2021. [174] .
(B.1.1.529). 26 2021. SARS-CoV-2(TAG-VE) , B.1.1.529 VOC. . V , TAG-VE, , ( 2632 ), / . B.1.1.529 24 2021. , , 9 2021. ( COVID-19( 68), 30 2021.)
, [814], . 72761 Delta 121 Omicron 1528 2021. () , SARS-CoV-2 14 ( 7 ). , 3,2 .
, , , , V SARS-CoV-2 . ( COVID-19. 70, 14 2021.)
, -, , , - CD8+ - . [815]
Omicron XBB.1.5( Kraken)
Omicron XBB.1.5 BA.2.10.1BA.2.75, 13 2022., F486P , - ACE2. , 21 2023., XBB.1.5 49,1% COVID-19. , F486P ACE2. , . [795]
Ѡ22 2022. 23 2023. 8931 Omicron XBB.1.554 ( ). (75,0%); > 1% (9,9%), (3,0%), (2,0%), (1,5%), (1,3%) (1,3%). , XBB.1.5, , . . , . , XBB.1.5, , . , XBB.1.5, -, - Omicron. ( COVID-19. 127, 25 2023.)
XBB: S:G339H, S:R346T, S:L368I, S:V445P, S:G446S, S:N460K, S:F486S S:F490S. 2022. 3,8%, 70. XBB (62,5%), (48,2%), (47,3%), (40,9%) (29,3%).
BA.2.75 S:D339H, S:G446S, S:N460K S:Q493R. BA.2.75 Spike BA.2.75.2(BA.2.75+ S:R346T, S:F486S S:D1199) CH.1.1(BA.2.75+ S: R346T), S:K444T, S:L452R S:F486S). BA.2.75 31 2021 - . Ѡ BA.2.75 85. , .2.75, (53,8%), (25,1%), (22,5%), (18,8%) (16,3%). BA.2.75 ; XBB . , BA.2.75 Omicron , .
BA.5 5 S:R346X, S:K444X, S:V445X, S:N450X / S:N460X , (, , ). 119 15,0%. , .5, (75,4%), - (70,9%), (53,5%), (49,8%) (42,4%).
BQ.1 BA.5 S:K444T S:N460K. BQ.1 BQ.1.1, S:R346T. BQ.1 90. BQ.1 (65,5%), (56,7%), (54,1%), (48,7%) (46,8%).
BA.2.30.2 S:K444R, S:N450D, S:L452M, S:N460K S:E484R. 2022 BA.2.30.2 0,3%. (4%), (2%), (1,1%), (0,9%) (0,6%). ( COVID-19. 122, 14 2022.)
: covdb.stanford.edu/page/mutation-viewer.
.
SARS-CoV-2. V VOI .1/2
SARS-CoV-2. V VOI .2/2
* covdb.stanford.edu/page/mutation-viewer
** Weekly_Epi_Update_55
*** https://www.who.int/en/activities/tracking-SARS-CoV-2-variants#
P J Halfmann et al.,2022
Omicron VOC, 16.01.2023. (Weekly Epi Update126).
# ; * S: N: G30-, S33F, ORF9b: M26-, A29I, V30L; $ S: ORF1a: Q556K, L3829F, ORF1b: Y264H, M1156I, N1191S, N: E136D, ORF9b: P10F; S: ORF1a: S1221L, P1640S, N4060S, ORF1b: G662S, E: T11A; ** S: ORF1a: K47R, ORF1b: G662S, S959P, E: T11A, ORF8:G8*.
, Weekly Epi Update . 78, 8.02.2022.
, COVID-19Weekly Epi Update . 119, 23.11.2022.1/3
, COVID-19Weekly Epi Update . 119, 23.11.2022.2/3
, COVID-19Weekly Epi Update . 119, 23.11.2022.3/3
, COVID-19. 128, 1 2023.
30 2022. 30 2023. GISAID 90985 SARS-CoV-2. 90937 Omicron (VOC), 99,9% , .
BA.5 . Ѡ915 2023. 65,7% (16357) , GISAID. BA.2 14,6%, BA.4 ⠖ 0,3%. 2023 BQ.1.1(28,2%), BQ.1(14,1%) XBB.1.5(11,5%). BQ.1.1BQ.1 BA.5, XBB.1.5 BA.2.
- , , . 2023. [175]:
(332): BQ.1.1(23,7%), BA.2.10.1(12,3%) XBB.2(12,1%);
(40010): BQ.1.1(37,5%), XBB.1.5(19,6%) BQ.1(19,6%);
(85): XBB.1(37,2%), BN.1(10,3%) BA.5.2(10,3%);
(40379): BQ.1.1(31,3%), BQ.1(13,0%) CH.1.1(12,3%);
- (389): XBB.1(41,1%), BQ.1.1(14,3%) BA.2.10.1(6,0%);
(15515): BA.5.2(30,1%), BF.7(13,2%) BQ.1.1(8,5%).
. Ѡ915 2023. 1147 BF.7(4,6%), 11674 BQ.1(46,9%), BQ.1.1(7189, 28,9%). 3473 BA.2.75(13,9%), BA.2.75.2(35, <1%) CH.1.1(1672, 6,7%). , 4049 XBB (16,3%), XBB.1.5(3005, 12,1%), GISAID . [175]
, 26 2022 23 2023 18906. : BA.5.2(70,8%) BF.7(23,4%) . , , BF.7 , BA.5.2 . ()
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, . (. spillover).
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22 2020Journal ofMedical Virology Wei Ji , SARS-CoV-2 . , , .
AS-SCoV2 bat-SL-RatG13 SARS-CoV-2 , , , bat-SL-CoV-RaTG13 [15] Bat SARSr CoV-ZC45, Bat SARSr CoV-ZXC21.[93]
Genomic variance ofthe 2019?nCoV coronavirus , CoV 96,2% 2019-nCoV, SARS-CoV-277,1% SARS. [16] , SARS-CoV-2 99% [16,90,91]. , SARS-CoV-2 . [90] 160 SARS-CoV-2 , : A, B C. AC , , , B . [111] SARS-CoV-2 , , .[93]
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, , COVID-19. , SARS-CoV-2 , . [552]
, Xia . SARS-CoV-2 30 COVID?19. Ӡ29 . , SARS-CoV-2 , , . [19] SARS-CoV-2 . , , SARS-CoV-2, . [467]
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, [106] - [107].
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, (https://www.litres.ru/pages/biblio_book/?art=69148477) .
Visa, MasterCard, Maestro, , , , PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI , .
- Жанр: Здоровье, Медицина, Руководства
- Язык: Книги на русском языке
- Объём: 440 стр. 43 иллюстрации
- Возрастные ограничения: 16+
- ISBN: 9785005988737
- Дата выхода книги: 12 апреля 2023
- Версия: 📚 Электронная книга
В книге приведены данные о свойствах вируса, его происхождении, патофизиология, клинические данные, осложнения, диагностика, лечение и прогноз, вакцинация против SARS-CoV-2 и многое другое. Рекомендации по лечению и диагностике основаны на документации ВОЗ, SISET, ISTH, AIFA, NIH, SIMG, RCPCH, RCOG, NICE. Книга будет полезна студентам медицинских ВУЗов, преподавателям, педиатрам, гинекологам, сотрудникам отделений COVID-19 и всем, кто хочет узнать больше о COVID-19. 2023 г.
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