Книга - Baikal lessons. Your environments. Уроки Байкала. Твои окружающие среды. Методическое пособие для изучающих экологию на английском языке
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Baikal lessons. Your environments. . .
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Baikal lessons. Your environments. .
,2020
ISBN978-5-4498-9538-7
Ridero
BAIKAL LESSONS.
YOUR ENVIRONMENTS.
AResource Manual
for
TEACHING AND LEARNING ECOLOGY INENGLISH
ACompilation by: Tatiana Mouratova
TATIANA MOURATOVA ECOLOGICAL FOUNDATION
Severobaikalsk, Russia
2020
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:
http://www.stihi.ru/avtor/sibiryachka1 (http://www.stihi.ru/avtor/sibiryachka1)
http://www.proza.ru/avtor/zolotco (http://www.proza.ru/avtor/zolotco)
https://www.youtube.com/user/tamuratova
BIBLIOGRAPHY
1.Investigating Your Environment (Teaching Materials for Environmental Education)
Developed by:
USDA Forest Service Pacific Northwest Region Public Affairs Natural Resource Education
2.Earth Notes For Educators, grade K-6, issue number1.
EPA Number: EPA22K-1001
Source: NCEPI NTIS Number: N/A1991
3.The Program ofthe Conference"Alliance toSave Russian Taiga Forest
USA Washington, Seattle
November,1995
4.All aroundyou
Piter Ltd, Saint-Petersburg,1996
5.English for Students
GLOSSA, Moscow,1995
6. Volna
Ecological Education, Irkutsk, 19961999
7.Atlas ofEarthcare
Gaia Books Limited, London,1996
8.Guide toEnvironmental Issues
United States Environmental Protection Agency, Washington,1995
8.Siberian BAM Railway Guide
Trailblazer Publications1995
9. EPA JOURNAL. Looking Ahead at Environmental Education
Spring 1995EPA 175-N-95-003
10.EPA JOURNAL. Clean Water Agenda
Summer 1994EPA 175-N-94-002
11. UNITED NATIONS EDUCATIONAL, SCIENTIFIC AND CULTURAL ORGANIZATION CONVENTION CONCERNING THE PROTECTION OFTHE WORLD CULTURAL AND NATURAL HERITAGE WORLD HERITAGE COMMITTEE. Twentieth session Merida, Mexico 27December 1996.
12.English for schoolchildren
Drofa Moscow1999
13. English N. Sikorskaya
Moscow1992
14. English for Managers L. Salnikova
Moscow1992
15. AComprehensive Program ofLand Use Policies for the Russian Portion ofthe Lake Baikal Region.
THE LAKE BAIKAL REGION INTHE TWENTY-FIRST CENTURY: AMODEL OFSUSTAINABLE DEVELOPMENT OR CONTINUED DEGRADATION?
Acooperative project prepared at the request ofthe:
Buryat Republic
Chita Oblast
Irkutsk Oblast
bythe:
Center for Citizen InitiativesUSA
Center for Socio-Ecological Issues ofthe Baikal Region
Davis Associates
Russian Academy ofSciences
March1993
16. BAIKAL AS AWORLD NATURAL HERITAGE SITE: RESULTS AND PROSPECTS OFINTERNATIONAL COOPERATION
Edited byNicolai L. Dobretsov
Publishing House SB RAS Novosibirsk1999
TABLE OFCONTENTS
Bibliography
I. General Items
1. Environmental Protection
2. Acid Rains
3. Pollution
4. Air and Land Pollution
5. Air and Water Pollution
6. Oil and Gasoline
7. Green Management
8. AUniqueLake
9. Lake Baikal is inthe World HeritageSite
10.The Fragile Environment
11.The Road fromRio
12. Eco-politics
13.Laws
II. Your Basic Environments
1. Water
2.Soil
3. Wildlife
4. Forests
5. Plants
III. Your Unique Environments
1. Desert
2. Dunes
3. Marine
4.Pond
5. Range
IY. Summary
1.Environmental and Cultural Education
2. Eco-Babble
Y. Supplement
1. The ecological conference
2. Region Olympics Ecology inEnglish
3. Questions
4. Certificates
5. Scientific project
6. Signs ofhope
7. Strategies for asustainable development oftourism inthe Baikal Region
I.GENERAL ITEMS
Economists have long thought ofthe environment as an unlimited source ofresources. They have thought that the atmosphere, forests, rivers and seas are capable ofabsorbing all the rubbish the economy throws into them. Infact, the economy and the environment are closely related. The environment supplies the economy with all its resources, such as water, timber, minerals and oil. The environment has toabsorb all its waste products.
Nevertheless, some economists have always argued that pollution damages the resources. For example, pumping waste gases from apower station does not get rid ofthem. The waste gases cause acid rain; this leads toforest damage an therefore reduces the resources offorestry industry.
There are many consequences ofdamaging the environment. One ofthem is acid rain. Another one is water shortage resulting from abuse ofarable lands inagriculture. The third one is destroying the ozone layer ofthe Earth through pollution from factories and plants. The fourth problem is damage towater and soils. The fifth one is damage towildlife: numerous species ofanimals and plants can disappear. Lastly, the most serious danger arising from damaging the environment is the result ofthe above-mentioned consequences. This is the danger for the life and health oftheman.
The territories ofthe former Soviet Union are suffering many environmental problems. Many ofthese problems have been caused byeconomic activities. Apart from the effect ofChernobyl disaster, the worst problem is probably inthe area around the Aral Sea. Cotton growing inthe region has used huge quantities ofwater, and the seas level has fallen by14yards. This destroyed fishing industry and led toadamage insoils, crops and wildlife. Many forests inthe north ofEuropean Russia and the Far East are under threat. Asystem ofdams on the Volga has caused damage tofish.
If we are unable tolearn touse the environment carefully and protect it from damage caused bymans activities, very soon well have no world tolivein.
Topical Vocabulary.
an unlimited source ofresources
toabsorb smth.
tobe closely related
tosupply the economy with resources
todamage the resources
topump waste gases
tocause acid rain
tolead toforest damage
toreduce the resources of -
water shortage
toresult from -
abuse ofarable lands
destroying the ozone layer
damage towater and soils
damage towildlife
species ofanimals and plants
toarise from -
tosuffer an environmental problem
the effect ofthe Chernobyl disaster
cotton growing
tobe under threat
asystem ofdams
touse the environment carefully
toprotect smth. from damage -
Answer the questions:
1.What have many economists thought ofthe environment?
2.Why do some economists think that pollution damages the resources?
3.What are the consequences ofdamaging the environment?
4.What environmental problems suffer the territories ofthe former Soviet Union?
5.What could happen if we dont learn touse the environment carefully?
Translate into English:
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Ecology The study ofthe relationships between all living organisms and the environment, especially the totality or pattern ofinteractions; aview that includes all plant and animal species and their unique contributions toaparticular habitat.
Ecosystem The interacting synergism ofall living organisms inaparticular environment; every plant, insect, aquatic animal, bird, or land species that forms acomplex web ofinterdependency. An action taken at any level inthe food chain, use ofapesticide for example, has apotential domino effect on every other occupant ofthat system.
Climate Change this term is commonly used interchangeably with global warming and greenhouse effect, but is more descriptive term. Climate change refers tothe buildup ofman-made gases inthe atmosphere that trap the suns heat, causing changes inweather patterns on aglobal scale. The effects include changes inrainfall patterns, sea level rise, potential droughts, habitat loss, and heat stress. The greenhouse gases ofmost concern are carbon dioxide, methane, and nitrous oxides. If these gases inour atmosphere double, the earth could warm up 1.5to4.5degrees bythe year 2050, with changes inglobal precipitation having the greatest consequences.
Pesticide Achemical used tokill animal or plant pests.
Smog Air pollution caused bythe mixture ofsmoke
1.ENVIRONMENTAL PROTECTION
The poisoning ofthe worlds land, air, and water is the fastest-spreading disease ofcivilisation. It probably produces fewer headlines than wars, earthquakes and floods, but it is potentially one ofhistorys dangers tohuman life on earth. If present trends continue for the next several decades, our planet will become uninhabitable.
Overpopulation, pollution and energy consumption have created such planet-wide problems as massive deforestation, ozone depletion, acid rains and the global warming that is believed tobe caused bythe greenhouse effect. The seas are indanger. They are filled with poison: industrial and nuclear waste, chemical fertilisers and pesticides. The Mediterranean is already nearly dead; the North Sea is following. The Aral Sea is on the brink ofextinction. If nothing is done about it, one day nothing will be able tolive inthe seas. Every ten minutes one kind ofanimal, plant or insect dies out for ever. If nothing is done about it, one million species that are alive today will have become extinct twenty years from now. Air pollution is avery serious problem. InCairo just breathing the air is life threatening-equivalent tosmoking two packs ofcigarettes aday. The same holds true for Mexico City and 600cities ofthe former Soviet Union.
Industrial enterprises emit tons ofharmful substances. These emissions have disastrous consequences for our planet. They are the main reason for the greenhouse effect and acid rains. An even greater environmental threat are nuclear power stations. We all know how tragic the consequences ofthe Chernobyl disaster are. People are beginning torealise that environmental problems are somebody elses. They join and support various international organisations and green parties. If governments wake up towhat is happening-perhaps well be able toavoid the disaster that threatens the natural world and all ofus withit.
Questions:
1.What is the fastest-spreading disease ofcivilisation?
2.What planet-wide problems have overpopulation, pollution and energy consumption created?
3.What will happen toour planet if present trends continue?
4.What is happening tothe seas and rivers?
5.The Aral Sea is on the brink ofextinction. Do you think its possible tosaveit?
6. Alot ofanimals are dying out. But people wear fur coats, crocodile handbags, leather shoes, etc. Are you for or against hunting?
7.Is air pollution aserious problem?Why?
8.What were the tragic consequences ofthe Chernobyl disaster?
9.Are nuclear power stations dangerous?
10.What is the main cause ofthe greenhouse effect and acid rains?
11.What do people ofdifferent countries do tosave our planet?
12.Have you heard ofGreenpeace?
The greenhouse effect
Agreenhouse?
Agreenhouse is abuilding made ofglass, where you can grow flowers and other plants that need alot ofwarmth.
How it works
The sun shines inthrough the glass and warms the greenhouse, and the roof and walls keep the heat from gettingout.
Our greenhouse
The Earth is surrounded byablanket ofinvisible gases (with names like carbon dioxide) that act just like agreenhouse/ The sun shines in, and the blanket ofgases traps the heat like aroof, keeping it close tothe planet. Thats good we cant live without warmth.
Whats goingon
Factories, electric power plants, and cars are making alot ofnew gases. Even trees, when they are cut down, give off the gases! These new gases are trapping more and more ofthe suns heat. This is called the greenhouse effect, or global warming.
What can happen
If the earths temperature gets hotter byjust afew degrees, it could change the weather all over the planet inbig ways. Places that are warm would become too hot tolive in, and places that are cold would become warm. The places that grow most ofour food could get tohot togrow crops anymore.
Even every kid can help stop the greenhouse effect byusing less energy, protecting and planting trees, and byrecycling so factories dont need towork as hard making things. This book is full oftips on how todoit!
The ozonehole
The ozone layer
Up inthe sky, above the air we breathe, theres alayer ofgas called ozone. It helps us byblocking out rays from the sun that can harm our skin, and byletting the rays that are good for us come through. Were lucky tohave the ozone toprotectus!
Whats happening
Now the ozone layer is being damaged bygases that people have made. The gases are called CFCs, and halons. They are used inrefrigerators, fire extinguishers, air conditioners, plastic foam, and some other things.
How it happens
The CPCs float up tothe top ofthe atmosphere/ where the layer ofozone is, and eat up the ozone just like little Pac-Men.
Our mission
Scientists are very concerned about the ozone layer, because alot ofit has gone away injust afew years. So its very important that we learn todo something aboutit.
We can all help tostop the ozone layer from disappearing! For more ideas on how todo that, keep reading!
2.ACID RAINS
Every year more and more plants and animals disappear never tobe seen again. Strangely, it is the most thoughtless animal that is causing most ofproblems man. Nature is very carefully balanced and if this balance is disturbed, animals can disappear alarmingly fast. Every day, thousands ofspecies ofanimals draw closer toextinction. There are countless number ofspecies which may become extinct before they are even discovered.
Inmany lakes the fish are dying. Fishermen are worried because every year there are fewer fish and some lakes have no fish at all. Scientists are beginning toget worried too. What is killing the fish? The problem is acid rain. Acid rain is akind ofair pollution. It is caused byfactories that burn coal or oil or gas. These factories send smoke high into the air. The wind often carries the smoke far from the factories. Some ofthe harmful substances inthe smoke may come down with the rain hundreds ofmiles away. The rain inmany places isnt natural and clean any more. Its full ofacid chemicals. When it falls inlakes, it changes them too. The lakes become more acidic. Acid water is like vinegar or lemon juice. It hurts when it gets inyour eyes. It also kills the plants and animals that usually live inlake water. That is why the fish are dying inlakes. But dead fish may be just the beginning ofthe problem. Scientists are finding other effects ofacid rain. Insome large areas trees are dying. Not just one tree here and there, but whole forests. At first scientists couldnt understand why. There were no bugs or disease inthis trees. The weather was not dry. But now they think that the rain was the cause. Acid rain is making the earth more acidic inthese areas. Some kinds oftrees cannot live inthe soil that is very acidic. Now scientists are also beginning tostudy the effects ofacid rain on larger animals. For example, they believe that some deer inPoland are less healthy because ofacid rain. If deer are hurt bythe rain, what about people? This is the question many people are beginning toask. No one knows the answer yet. But it is an important question for usall.
Acid Acorrosive solution with apH less than7. Vinegar is acommon weak acid; battery acid is much stronger.
Acid Rain You first need tounderstand Acid Deposition: acomplex chemical and atmospheric phenomenon that occurs when emissions ofsulphur and nitrogen compounds and other substances are transformed bychemical processes inthe atmosphere, often far from the original sources, and then deposited on earth ineither wet or dry form. The wet forms (precipitation) are popularly called acid rain and fall as rain, snow, or fog. The dry forms are acidic gases or particulates.
Questions:
1.This passage is about
(A) fishing
(B) acidrain
(C) air pollution
(D) destructive human activity
2.Every year thousands ofspecies ofanimals
(A) are hunted for their meat and skins
(B) migrate toother places
(C) starve todeath
(D) dieout
3.Acid rain is causedby
(A) naturalgas
(B) the ozone layer depletion
(C) acidic lake water
(D) emissions ofindustrial enterprises.
4.Which ofthe following is true?
(A) Dead fish inlakes is only problem caused acid rains.
(B) Scientists are sure that acid rains are not harmful for mankind.
(C) If we dont make an attempt tostop acid rains we may never see some animals again.
(D) Theres no reason toworry about several trees that died ofsome unknown disease.
5.What was not mentioned inthe text?
(A) Acid rain is capable ofdissolving some rocks and stones.
(B) Fish are unable tolive inthe water containing acidic chemicals.
(C) Coal, oil or gas form dangerous combinations after being burnt.
(D) Scientists reckon that if some larger animals can be affected byacid rains, people may be ingreat danger.
6. Factory smoke
(A) stays over the factories.
(B) is usually cleannow.
(C) turns intoair.
(D) can travel hundreds ofmiles.
7. Scientists think acidrain
(A) is killing people
(B) helps kill bugs.
(C) fertilises thesoil
(D) is killing trees.
8.The word bug inthis context means
(A) an infectious disease
(B) asmall insect
(C) adangerousbird
(D) asmall animal
Look for 10words from the text Acid Rains
Insert the letters
a_idic
s_ientist
c_emicals
chan_e
c_use
e_fect
we_ther
im_ortant
d_seas
de_r
Translate into English
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Up inthesky
When we look up, we see the clouds and the blue sky. But there are other things inthe sky that we dont see. Some ofthese are harmful tothe Earth.
What happens
When power plants burn coal tomake electricity, and when cars burn gasoline, invisible gases are released into the air. Some ofthese gases can mix water and make it acidic, like lemon juice or vinegar.
What can happen
Sometimes the gases get into rain clouds, where they get mixed inwith rain or snow. Then the acid falls back toearth with the rain or snow. This is called acid rain.
Badnews
Acid rain is extremely harmful toplants, rivers and lakes, and the creatures that live inthem. Insome places it is killing forests. And it pollutes the water that animals and people need todrink.
Our mission
Its very important for us tostop making acid rain. One good way todo that is todrive our cars less. Another good way is tosave energy. The less energy we use, the less coal those power plants will have toburn.
You and your family can save energy inlots ofways. Saving energy means saving the Earth. Tofind out more about whatyou.
3.POLLUTION
Man has been trying tomake his life easier for many centuries. Indoing so, he invented machines and instruments. They have been working and polluting the world we livein.
Inthis world around us, there are two things that do not belong toany one country: air and ocean water. Inboth the air and the water, there is much pollution. People are concerned about the air and the water used byeveryone, and they are also concerned about the future ofthe Earth.
One ofthe most important pollution problems is inthe oceans. Many ships sail inthe ocean water fishing ships, some ships carrying people, some carrying oil. If aship loses some ofthe oil inthe water, or trash from the ships is put into the ocean, the water becomes dirty. Many fish are dying inthe sea, others are getting contaminated. Fishermen catch contaminated fish which may be sold inmarkets and people may get sick from eating them. Fish may also move toanother part ofthe ocean. Lakes and rivers are getting, too. Some beaches are considered dangerous for swimming.
The second important problem is air pollution.
Cars and factories pollute the air we use. It also destroys the ozone layer which protects the Earth from the dangerous light oftheSun.
Another problem is that our forests are dying from acid rain.
This, inturn, affects the balance ofnature.
If we want our children tolive inthe same world we live in, or inabetter and healthier world, we must learn toprotect the water, the air and the earth from pollution.
Topical Vocabulary
toinvent machines and instruments
topollute
tobe concerned about -
toput trash into
the polluted water
toget contaminated
air pollution
todestroy the ozone layer-
todie from acid rain -
toaffect the balance ofnature
toprotect the water, the air and the earth from pollution ,
Answer the questions:
1.Why are people concerned about air and water?
2.What are the consequences ofwater pollution?
3.What are the consequences ofair pollution?
4.What should people do if they want tolive on the Earth?
Translate into English:
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Pollution Any substances inwater, soil, or air that degrade the natural quality ofthe environment, offend the senses ofsight, taste, or smell, or cause ahealth hazard. The usefulness ofthe natural resource is usually impaired bythe presence ofpollutants and contaminants.
Pollution Prevention Actively identifying equipment, processes, and activities which generate excessive wastes or use toxic chemicals and then making substitutions, alterations, or product improvements. Conserving energy and minimising wastes are pollution prevention concepts used inmanufacturing, sustainable agriculture, recycling, and clean air \clean water technologies.
Particulates Liquid or solid particles such as dust, smoke, mist or smog found inair emissions.
Emission The release or discharge ofasubstance into the environment. Generally refers tothe release ofgases or particulates into theair.
Polluter pays The idea that aperson or organisation causing pollution should pay for cleaning itup.
Too much garbage!
Garbage away!
When you throw something away, it goes inagarbage can. Once aweek the garbage truck comes and the can is emptied, and thats the last you see ofit. But what do you think happens tothe garbage then? Does it just disappear? Noway!
What happens
Almost all garbage is taken toagarbage dump, or landfill, where the garbage truck empties it onto the ground. After the truck leaves, abig tractor comes along pushes dirt on top ofthe garbage. So, most ofour garbage is just buried.
The bigmess
Now we are making so much garbage that inmany places, there is not enough room tobury itall.
Our mission
We have toact fast and cut down the amount ofgarbage we make. Can we do it? Youbet!
Hereshow
We can recycle (which means re-using materials instead ofthrowing them away) and precycle (which means not buying things that cant be re-used, like plastic wrapping and other packaging). If we recycle we will produce alot less garbage, and help our planet green!
Recycling and precycling projects can de lots offun. Tofind out more about what you can do, see Guarding Our Buried Treasures, and Be aPaper-Saver.
4.AIR AND WATER POLLUTION
You have read alot ofinteresting things about the air, the sun, the sky, the clouds, the rain, about rivers, seas and oceans. All these things around us are parts ofour environment. Plants, animals and people need clean land, clean water and clean air. But some people have not learned how totake care ofour earth. They are doing harmful things toour land, water and even air. They are making pollution. You can imagine what happens toaliving thing if its environment is polluted or changed inaharmfulway.
Ofcourse, you cannot see some ofthe pollution inour country, but as you read this book, you will find out aboutit.
We are worried about water pollution inthe country. Most big cities pour their waste into seas and rivers. For along time people did not understand the danger. The first alarm came from Japan. Some sixty people died because they had eaten polluted fish.
We love rain. Rain helps our plants togrow big and strong. But sometimes the rainwater is not as clean as it could be. Man- made chemicals get into the air and mix with the rainwater, making acid rain. The acid water runs into rivers and lakes. The rivers and lakes become so acid that fish cannot live there.
We like togo tothe river, lake or sea toswim. But if there are chemicals inthe water, it is not safe enough for swimming. If the water is polluted, it can make us sick.
Another kind ofpollution is air pollution. When there aretoo
many harmful things inthe air, it is polluted.
People and animals need clean air with plenty ofoxygen init. Oxygen is added tothe air byplants. So you understand how important it is tohave alot oftrees, bushes and grass.
Fume from the chimneys offactories, gases which are inrefrigerators and sprays pollute the air. They damage the ozone layer that covers the earth. This layer ofgas protects us from the dangerous rays ofthe sun. There are now holes inthe ozone layer because there are too many gases intheair.
With the help ofsputnics our scientists discovered two large holes inthe ozone layer. One is over the North Pole and the second over the South Pole, over Antarctica. It is very dangerous for people as it can make them sick.
Some people pollute the air bysmoking. Too much smoke inthe air can hurt our lungs.
The wind blows alot ofthe air pollution out tosea. Sometimes the rain helps toclean the air, but sometimes the rain water mixes with the gases inthe air. Then the air pollution also becomes land and water pollution.
Air and water pollution is one ofthe problems millions ofpeople are worried about today.
Questions:
1.What is environment?
2.What water, air, and land do people need?
3.How is water polluted?
4.Why is the rainwater not always clean?
5.What is acid rain?
6.What happens with fish inthe rivers and lakes which become acid?
7.What do you know about air pollution?
8.What damages the ozone layer that covers the earth?
9.What does the ozone layer protect us from?
10.What are there inthe ozone layernow?
11. Why are the holes inthe ozone layer dangerous for people?
12.Do you have air pollution inyour city?
Air Quality Standards The level ofselected pollutants set bylaw that may not be exceeded inoutside air. Used todetermine the amount ofpollutants that may be emitted byindustry.
Bubble (Bubble Policy) Existing sources ofair pollution with several facilities may control more than is required at one emission point where control costs are lower, inreturn for comparable relaxation at asecond point where costs are higher or more difficult toachieve.
Water Quality Standards The combination ofadesignated use and the maximum concentration ofapollutant which will protect that use for any given body ofwater. For example, inatrout stream, the concentration ofiron should not exceed 1mg\l
Effluent imitations Limits on the amounts ofpollutants which may be discharged byafacility; these limits are calculated so that water quality standards will not be violated even at low stream flows.
LITTLE BYLITTLE OUR WATERS ARE LOOKING LESS LIKE ART AND MORE LIKE TRASH
Look for 10words from the text Air and water pollution
Insert the letters
dan_erl_nd
cl_ud a_idra_n
e_rth d_mage
_aste ha_mful t_ing
pol_ution an_ther
Translate into English
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Water pollution
Water, water
The planet Earth is mostly water. Oceans cover the biggest part ofit and there are lakes, rivers, streams, and even water underground. All life on Earth from the littlest bug tothe biggest whale depends on this water. Its precious. But were not doing avery good job ofkeeping water clean. Inmany places, the water has become polluted.
Rivers and lakes
Rivers and lakes are polluted bygarbage, or bychemicals, which are dumped right into them.
Underground
Underground water can be polluted bygasoline or other harmful liquids that seep into the ground. Some fertilizers and pesticides used on farms or lawns, leak down through the dirt,too.
Theseas
The ocean, which is ahome toso much life, has been used as aplace todump garbage and poisonous chemicals for along time. Its getting polluted,too.
Our mission
We need tosave our water, tokeep it clean and healthy so people, plants and animals will always have some todrink. And so fish and other creatures will have aplace tolive.
Tolearn more about what you can do tosave water and keep it clean and healthy turn toPreserving Our Oceans, Rivers, Lakes, and Streams.
5.AIR AND LAND POLLUTION
The planet Earth is our common home. Everything is connected on the earth. If something goes wrong insome part ofthe world, everybody suffers. Peoples activities can make the environment unhealthy. If they are doing harmful things toour land, they are making pollution. Too many people making too much pollution will hurt the country.
People are producing too many gases and because ofthat the earth is getting hotter. These gases hold heat. Plants and trees help totake gases, such as carbon dioxide, from the air, but we have now destroyed too many trees. There are not enough trees and plants todo thisjob.
Because the earth is getting hotter, the ice is melting. Because the ice is melting, the level ofthe sea is slowly rising. Scientists say that inthe year 2050some parts ofGreat Britain will be under thesea.
Another problem ofland pollution is making large piles oftrash. Trash is made ofboxes, bags, papers, cans, plastics, clothing and bottles. It is also made up ofold food called garbage.
Some trash gets burned. When plastics and some other man-made things are burned, gases are given off. Too much ofthese gases can make people and animals sick.
There will not be as much trash if we learn touse things over and over again. One way todo this is bychanging some old thing into anew one. Then it is used again. It is not thrown away.
Another problem ofland pollution is using too many chemicals
togrow vegetables and fruit. Too many chemicals inthe ground can harm the soil. If our vegetables, fruit and meat are grown without chemicals., they will be safer for us toeat.
So you see how many problems people have got ofwater, air and land pollution. All this makes people worry about their environment.
1.Why can peoples activities make the environment unhealthy?
2.How are people doing harmful things toour land?
3.Why is the earth getting hotter?
4.What takes gases from theair?
5.Why cant trees and plants do this job well?
6.Why is the ice melting?
7.What happens with the level ofthe sea because the ice melting? 8.What is another problem ofland pollution?
9.What is trash madeof?
10.What happens when some trash gets burned?
11.What must not we do tohave so much trash?
12.What do we use togrow vegetables and fruit?
13.Do many chemicals harm the soil?
Erosion The wearing away ofsoil bywind or water, intensified byland- clearing practices related tofarming, residential or industrial development, road building, or logging.
Landfill Amethod for final disposal ofsolid waste on land. The refuse is spread and compacted and acover ofsoil applied so that effects on the environment (including public health and safety) are minimized. Under current regulations, landfills are required tohave liners and leachate treatment systems toprevent contamination ofground water and surface water. An industrial landfill disposes ofnon-hazardous industrial wastes. Amunicipal landfill disposes ofdomestic waste including garbage, paper, etc. This waste may include toxins that are used inthe home, such as insect sprays and powders, engine oil, paints, solvents, and weed killers.
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- Объём: 150 стр. 88 иллюстраций
- Возрастные ограничения: 12+
- ISBN: 9785449895387
- Дата выхода книги: 11 июня 2020
- Версия: 📚 Электронная книга
От автора: Курс «Экология на английском языке» предлагается для учащихся, студентов и преподавателей школ с глубоким изучением английского языка, лицеев, гимназий, высших учебных заведений, а также работников сферы экологического просвещения. Предлагаемый материал поможет в изучении специализированной литературы по экологии на английском языке, а также для осуществления проектов совместной работы школьников, студентов и преподавателей разных стран в решении экологических проблем на планете.
Как скачать книгу - "Baikal lessons. Your environments. Уроки Байкала. Твои окружающие среды. Методическое пособие для изучающих экологию на английском языке" в fb2, ePub, txt и других форматах?
- Нажмите на кнопку "полная версия" справа от обложки книги на версии сайта для ПК или под обложкой на мобюильной версии сайта
Полная версия книги
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Если книга "Baikal lessons. Your environments. Уроки Байкала. Твои окружающие среды. Методическое пособие для изучающих экологию на английском языке" доступна в бесплатно то будет вот такая кнопка
- Выполните вход в личный кабинет на сайте ЛитРес с вашим логином и паролем.
- В правом верхнем углу сайта нажмите «Мои книги» и перейдите в подраздел «Мои».
- Нажмите на обложку книги -"Baikal lessons. Your environments. Уроки Байкала. Твои окружающие среды. Методическое пособие для изучающих экологию на английском языке", чтобы скачать книгу для телефона или на ПК.
В разделе «Скачать в виде файла» нажмите на нужный вам формат файла:
Для чтения на телефоне подойдут следующие форматы (при клике на формат вы можете сразу скачать бесплатно фрагмент книги "Baikal lessons. Your environments. Уроки Байкала. Твои окружающие среды. Методическое пособие для изучающих экологию на английском языке" для ознакомления):
- FB2 - Для телефонов, планшетов на Android, электронных книг (кроме Kindle) и других программ
- EPUB - подходит для устройств на ios (iPhone, iPad, Mac) и большинства приложений для чтения
Для чтения на компьютере подходят форматы:
- TXT - можно открыть на любом компьютере в текстовом редакторе
- RTF - также можно открыть на любом ПК
- A4 PDF - открывается в программе Adobe Reader
Другие форматы:
- Сохраните файл на свой компьютер или телефоне.
