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Knowledge has bitter roots but sweet fruits, 12
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Knowledge has bitter roots but sweet fruits, 12
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. ? ? , ? - , , . , . , . , . 12 , , , , . Active Voice ( ), , Passive Voice ( ). ? , . , . , , , . .
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, , 3 .
1. Present () , .
2. Past () , (- ).
3. Future () , .
. :
1. Simple .
2. Continuous .
3. Perfect .
4. Perfect Continuous -.
12 .
4- . .
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, .
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Simple
, . Simple.
, simple , . , , . simple. . , . , , simple . Simple, 3 : Present (), Past () Future ().
Present Simple
, , , ( , , , , , ..). , . Present Simple Tense, , Present Simple, ( ) ?
PresentSimple?
, . . , , -, .
PresentSimple?
, Present Simple. to . Present Simple.
:
I / We / You / They + V ()
She / He / It + V() + s (es)
I go to work every day .
They usually play tennis every weekend .
She brings me coffee every morning .
It snows in winter .
: Present Simple . (he / she / it) -s:
I ride She rides
I dream He dreams
-s, -ss, -sh, -ch, -x, -o, es,
I wish She wishes
I teach She teaches
-y, , -es, -y -i
I try She tries
I fly He flies
-y, , -s, -y .
I play She plays
I stay He stays
:
, NOT DO DOES, , DONT DOESNT ( )
I / We / You / They + do not (dont) + V()
She / He / It + does not (doesnt) + V()
I dont go to school every day
They dont drink beer
She doesnt like the weather in London
He doesn't drive the car
. , , ! !
Nobody speaks Arabic -
I do nothing
:
DO DOES . .
Do + I / we / you / they + V() ?
Does + she / he / it + V() ?
Do you like pizza? ?
Do they play football? ?
Does she learn Russian? ?
Does he live in Spain? ?
question words ( ) , .
: how long ( ), why (), where () . , Present Simple.
QW + do (does) + I / We / You / They / She / He / It + V() ?
Where does he live in Prague? ?
Why do you drink green tea? ?
! Present Simple 3 .. -s. , , . Present Simple 3 ..
: do / does , .
I do want to try this
Mary does know how to cook
- to be Present Simple
to be (, , , , ) Present Simple . 3 :
am ( 1- : I)
is ( 3- : she / he / it)
are ( 1-, 2- 3- : we / you / they)
I am ready
She is ready
We are ready
, to be . !!! , -. I busy ! I am busy
PresentSimple?
Present Simple , , , , , , , .
, :
I often go to the gym
They play music every Sunday
( ):
I live in Dublin .
She speaks Chinese -.
, :
The Earth rotates around its axis .
Moscow is the largest city in Russia
, :
The airplane takes off at 4.30 am 4.30 .
The train leaves at 9 pm tomorrow 9 .
:
You push the red button to turn on the radio ,
First you turn left and then you go down the street ,
- :
You take the bus into the city center and then you take a taxi to the restaurant , .
Present Simple . , ( ) ( - ).
The bus with American tourists crashes in India
I met John last week. He comes to me and says: Hello, old friend . : ,
- , , . .
PresentSimple
Past Simple
( ) , Simple, . Past Simple , , .
PastSimpleTense:
, PastSimple ?
, ( - ) . . , . , . :Heoftenvisitedus( ),whenwelivedthere.
. -? :Janelookedmuchbetter( ),whenIsawherlasttime.
. , , .. . . :Ienteredthehall,switchedonthelight,openedthewardrobe,andthenquicklyclosedit. , , , . - , PastSimple.
. -, , 10 , . , (, 140 ) PastSimple.
!
? , - - . , PastSimple presentperfect, . past simple . , , , , Simple.
PastSimple:
PastSimple? . .
PastSimple, :V2 ( , ). . : , . PastSimple, (V2) . . . , . . , , . . PastSimple -ed -d. .
:
tokickhekicked( )tolookhelooked( )
e, -d, :
todancehedanced( )toinviteheinvited( ) ! - PastSimple , ? - .
1
y, ࠫi -ed. , y ( es Present Simple, )
:
toflyhefliedtoobeyheobeyed. obeyy e. , -ed , !
2
: + , , , .Toplanheplanned. , . planned 젫n, , a . ! , . :tofearhefeared,tolookhelooked. , , . l :toquarrelwequarrelled. .Toquarrelwequarreled.
ed
PastSimple , .
, .
. , ( Past Simple) , ( Perfect).
:
I / We / You / They/ She/ He/ It + V2 ( + ed 2 )
I went to work .
They played tennis last weekend .
She brought me coffee yesterday .
It snowed last winter .
:
DID ( DO) , NOT , , DIDNT
I / We / You / They/ He/ She/ It + did not (didnt) + V( ed)
:
DID . .
Did + I / we / you / they/ she/ he/ it + V( ed) ?
Did you like pizza? ?
Did they play football? ?
question words ( ) , .
QW + did + I / We / You / They / She / He / It + V( ed) ?
!
PastSimple: V2 ( ed) . , Past Simple -ed( ) V2 . , , ! do pastsimple did(, do :do-did-done, , V2 did).Did . - () !Did !
Tomdidnteatporridge yesterday
Markdidntcomeyesterday
Did she learn Russian? ?
Did he live in Spain? ?
Past Simple
Simple Past :
1. , , . . Simple Past : yesterday , the day before yesterday , last week (month, year) ( , ), last time , , two days (years) ago () , in 1993 1993 . .
I saw him yesterday. .
We met her two years ago. .
The train was ten minutes late. 10 .
2. .
had his breakfast, took his bag, put on his hat and went out.
, , .
3. , , , . (https://catchenglish.ru/grammatika/narechie.html) : usually .
usually took an umbrella. .
They never smoked. .
4. .
When did you see her? ?
5. , , .
worked at a plant for 5 years.
5 . ( .)
6. if /if only (https://catchenglish.ru/grammatika/soslagatelnoe-naklonenie.html) , .
If I graduated from Oxford! !
If we lived in Paris! !
If only we had a rope there! !
:
Simple Past .
She read this humorous story. .
graduated from the University. .
to be Past Simple
to be , :
-/- -/-;
-/- -;
-/- -.
:,,,. to be :waswere. ? , , . I was ; you were / /; he was ; she was ; it was // , , ; we were ; they were . ,was , ,were . you (/) were. , , .
PastSimple
, , . , , , , . .PastSimplemarkers , , , , , . , , last(). , - (ago). . , PastSimple.
, . . PastSimple :
1. .
, yesterday().
Wecookeddinneryesterday. .
Iwasinthesupermarketyesterday. .
Ivisitedhimyesterday. .
Istudiedathomeyesterday. .
thedaybeforeyesterday, .
Imethimthedaybeforeyesterday. .
Ipaidformybookingthedaybeforeyesterday. .
Iwaswithmyfriendsthedaybeforeyesterday. .
, .
. . theotherday.
Wevisitedourteachertheotherday. .
TheycamebackfromSpaintheotherday. .
Theymettheotherday. .
2. last, , .
Lastweek( ):Isawhimlastweek( );
Lastmonth( ):IwasinLondonlastmonth( );
Lastyear( ):Iwatchedthisfilmlastyear( );
Lastweekend( ):Westayedathomelastweekend( ).
3. ago(). , , .
Anhourago( ).Imethimanhourago.( ).
Three(four,five)hoursago(// ).Iputtheice-creaminthefridgefourhoursago.( ).
Adayago( ).Isawalionadayago.( ).
Ten(four,five)daysago(, , ).ImetJanetendaysago.( ).
Aweekago( ).Iwasillaweekago.( ).
Amonthago( ).IwasinFranceamonthago.( ).
Ayearago( ).Igraduatedfromuniversityayearago.( ).
4.justnow( ) .Hereturnedjustnow( ).IsawTomjustnow.( ).
5. (onMonday,onTuesday).IplayedfootballonMonday( ).IreadaninterestingbookonSunday( ). , , , . , , .
- PastSimple
렖 . . , , before when. , (, , ).
When , , PastSimple. , , PastPerfectPastPerfectContinuous, whenPastSimple.
WehadalreadylostallourmoneywhenwearrivedinNewYork. , -.
HehadbeensleepingforalongtimewhenKatewokehimup. , .
HehadbeenwatchingaTVwhenhismothercamehome. , .
when - (whenIwasX):
IhadacatwhenIwas5. , 5.
Alicehadapianowhenshewas10. , 10.
Heboughtadogwhenhewas18. , 18.
in+ . : in2010(2010).
Theymetin2011. 2011.
Hewasastudentin2013. 2013 .
Iwatchedthismoviein2014. 2014.
at+ . : at6o'clock(6).
Ifinishedat5o'clock. 5.
Hewasathomeat7o'clock. 7.
Theycameat8o'clock. 8.
during( ) , :duringtheholidays( ).
IwasinItalyduringtheholidays. .
Itraveledalotduringthesummerbreak. .
in+ :inJanuary( ),inFebruary( ).
WeplayedfootballinJune. .
TheystudiedEnglishinJanuary. .
HewasillinMarch. .
for+ +days,months,years,weeks( - , , , ).
TheylivedinLondonfor2years. 2. ( ).
Shewasmybestfriendfor5years. 5.
Heworkedwithusfor6months. 6.
, PastSimple. at5o'clock, , PastContinuous,PresentSimpleFutureContinuous. before Past, Present, FutureSimple. : .
, PastSimplemarkers . , , . . , , .
Future Simple
Simple, : , , , , . , ? FutureSimple. , FutureSimple, FutureSimple . !
.
.
, (https://www.litres.ru/pages/biblio_book/?art=66208336) .
Visa, MasterCard, Maestro, , , , PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI , .