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. -, , , 99 . -, , , . , , , , , , [4 - Lindqvist, Pelle & Epstein, Elisabeth & Nielsen, Kari & Landin-Olsson, Mona & Ingvar, C. & Olsson, H?kan. (2016). Avoidance ofsun exposure as arisk factor for major causes ofdeath: Acompeting risk analysis ofthe Melanoma inSouthern Sweden cohort. Journal ofInternal Medicine.280.]. : , , [5 - Felder, Stefan. (2006). The gender longevity gap: Explaining the dierence between singles and couples. Journal ofPopulation Economics.19.]. M99 , .

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 2010 D.W.Dunstan . 8800, 6. , ( ) . , [6 - Dunstan, D. & Barr, Elizabeth & Healy, Genevieve & Salmon, Jo & Shaw, Jonathan & Balkau, Beverley & Magliano, Dianna & Cameron, Adrian & Zimmet, P & Owen, Neville. (2010). Television Viewing Time and Mortality: The Australian Diabetes, Obesity and Lifestyle Study (AusDiab). Circulation.121.].

2011 J.L.Veerman . , . , 6 , 4,8 , . 25 22 [7 - Veerman, Jacob & Healy, Genevieve & Cobiac, Linda & Vos, Theo & Winkler, Elisabeth & Owen, Neville & Dunstan, D.. (2011). Television viewing time and reduced life expectancy: Alife table analysis. British journal ofsports medicine.46.].

K. Wijndaele 2011 , 13197 19982009. , . - [8 - Wijndaele, Katrien & Brage, Soren & Besson, Herve. (2011). Television viewing time independently predicts all-cause and cardiovascular mortality: The EPIC Norfolk Study. Int J Epidemiol.40.].



:Jakes (2003)[9 - Jakes, Rupert & Day, N.E. & Khaw, K-T & Luben, R & Oakes, S & Welch, Ailsa & Bingham, S & Wareham, N.J.. (2003). Television viewing and low participation invigorous recreation are independently associated with obesity and markers ofcardiovascular disease risk: EPIC-Norfolk population-based study. European journal ofclinical nutrition.57.]; Chang (2008)[10 - Chang, Pei-Chia & Li, Tsai-Chung & Wu, Ming-Tsang & Liu, Chiu-Shong & Li, Chia-Ing & Chen, Ching-Chu & Lin, Wen-Yuan & Yang, Shin-Yuh & Lin, Cheng-Chieh. (2008). Association between Television Viewing and the Risk ofMetabolic Syndrome inaCommunity-based Population. BMC public health.8.]; Stamatakis (2011)[11 - Stamatakis, Emmanuel & Hamer, Mark & Dunstan, D. (2011). Screen-Based Entertainment Time, All-Cause Mortality, and Cardiovascular Events: Population-Based Study With Ongoing Mortality and Hospital Events Follow-Up. Journal ofthe American College ofCardiology.57.]; Helaj?rvi (2015)[12 - Helaj?rvi, Harri & Pahkala, Katja & Juonala, Markus & Oikonen, Mervi & Tammelin, Tuija & Hutri-K?h?nen, Nina & K?h?nen, Mika & Lehtim?ki, Terho & Mikkil?, Vera & Viikari, Jorma & Raitakari, Olli. (2015). Television viewing and fatty liver inearly midlife. The Cardiovascular Risk inYoung Finns Study. Annals ofmedicine.47.]; Hamer (2017)[13 - Hamer, Mark & Yates, Thomas & Demakakos, Panayotes. (2017). Television viewing and risk ofmortality: Exploring the biological plausibility. Atherosclerosis.263.]; Nguyen (2018)[14 - Nguyen, Long & Liu, Po-Hong & Zheng, Xiaobin & Keum, NaNa & Zong, Xiaoyu & Li, Xiao & Wu, Kana & Fuchs, Charles & Ogino, Shuji & ng, Kanyanut & Willett, Walter & Chan, Andrew & Giovannucci, Edward & Cao, Yin. (2018). Sedentary Behaviors, TV Viewing Time, and Risk ofYoung-Onset Colorectal Cancer. Jnci Cancer Spectrum.2.]; Sun (2019)[15 - Sun, Jiang-Wei & Zhao, Long-Gang & Yang, Yang & Ma, Xiao & Wang, Ying-Ying & Xiang, Yong-Bing. (2019). Systematic Reviews and Meta-and Pooled Analyses Association Between Television Viewing Time and All-Cause Mortality: AMeta-Analysis ofCohort Studies.] .


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 2012 R. Junco . 1839, . , , [16 - Junco, Reynol. (2012). Too much face and not enough books: The relationship between multiple indices ofinternet use and academic performance. Computers inHuman Behavior.28.].

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 2019 K. Ioannidis NHS Foundation Trust - - .   40 , 2922. , , . [18 - Ioannidis, Konstantinos & Hook, Roxanne & Goudriaan, Anna & Vlies, Simon & Fineberg, Naomi & Grant, Jon & Chamberlain, Samuel. (2019). Cognitive deficits inproblematic internet use: meta-analysis of40studies. The British Journal ofPsychiatry.18.].



:Lepp (2014)[19 - Lepp, Andrew & Barkley, Jacob & Karpinski, Aryn. (2014). The relationship between cell phone use, academic performance, anxiety, and Satisfaction with Life incollege students. Computers inHuman Behavior.31.]; Reed Reay (2015)[20 - Reed, Phil & Reay, Emma. (2015). Relationship between levels ofproblematic Internet usage and motivation tostudy inuniversity students. Higher Education.70.]; T?rel Toraman (2015)[21 - T?rel, Yalin & Toraman, Muhammet. (2015). The Relationship between Internet Addiction and Academic Success ofSecondary School Students. Anthropologist.20.]; Hawi Rupert (2016)[22 - Hawi, Nazir & Rupert, Maya. (2016). Toexcel or not toexcel: Strong evidence on the adverse effect ofsmartphone addiction on academic performance. Computers & Education.98.]; Qaisar (2017)[23 - Qaisar, Shahzada & Akhter, Nasreen & Masood, Afsheen & Rashid, Sumaira. (2017). Problematic Mobile Phone Use, Academic Procrastination and Academic Performance ofCollege Students.]; Vayre Vonthron (2019)[24 - Vayre, Emilie & Vonthron, A.-M. (2019). Identifying Work-Related Internets Uses at Work and Outside Usual Workplaces and Hours and Their Relationships With WorkHome Interface, Work Engagement, and Problematic Internet Behavior. Frontiers inPsychology.10.]; Li Lin (2019)[25 - Li, Li & Lin, Trisha. (2019). Smartphones at Work: AQualitative Exploration ofPsychological Antecedents and Impacts ofWork-Related Smartphone Dependency. International Journal ofQualitative Methods.18.] .


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C. Vandelanott 2008 , 2650 . , , .   , -, , [26 - Vandelanotte, Corneel & Sugiyama, Takemi & Gardiner, Paul & Owen, Neville. (2009). Associations ofLeisure-Time Internet and Computer Use With Overweight and Obesity, Physical Activity and Sedentary Behaviors: Cross-Sectional Study. Journal ofmedical Internet research.11.].

Y. Barrense-Dias 2015 . 621, , . , : , [27 - Barrense-Dias, Yara & Berchtold, Andr & Akre, Christina & Suris, Jc. (2015). The relation between internet use and overweight among adolescents: Alongitudinal study inSwitzerland. International journal ofobesity.40.].

 2019 M. Aghasi , -. , 5 , 47% , , . , () 8%[28 - Aghasi, Mohadeseh & Matinfar, Ahmadreza & Golzarand, Mahdieh & Salari-Moghaddam, Asma & Ebrahimpour-Koujan, Soraiya. (2019). Internet Use inRelation toOverweight and Obesity: ASystematic Review and Meta-Analysis ofCross-Sectional Studies. Advances innutrition.].



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 2012 A. Akin . 328 . , , [36 - AKIN, Ahmet. (2012). The Relationships Between Internet Addiction, Subjective Vitality, and Subjective Happiness. Cyberpsychology, behavior and social networking.15.].

 2013 Y.S.Yoo , 79980.   , , . , [37 - Yoo, Yang Sook & Cho, Ok-Hee & Cha, Kyeong-Sook. (2013). Associations between overuse ofthe Internet and mental health inadolescents. Nursing & health sciences.16.].

 2018 M. Kitazawa , 1336. , , , , [38 - Kitazawa, Momoko & Yoshimura, Michitaka & Murata, Mayu & Sato-Fujimoto, Yuka & Hitokoto, Hidefumi & Mimura, Masaru & Tsubota, Kazuo. (2018). Associations between Problematic Internet Use and Psychiatric Symptoms among University Students inJapan: Problematic Internet Use among Students. Psychiatry and Clinical Neurosciences.72.].



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 2014 F. Rutters . 2385, 20. : , . , - [57 - Rutters, Femke & Pilz, Stefan & Koopman, Anitra & Rauh, Simone & te Velde, Saskia & Stehouwer, Coen & Elders, Petra & Nijpels, Giel & Dekker, Jacqueline. (2014). The association between psychosocial stress and mortality is mediated bylifestyle and chronic diseases: The Hoorn Study. Social Science & Medicine.118.].

L.M.Hanson 2018 , , . 64394 5075. , 1,7. (2) , (2,5)[58 - Magnusson Hanson, Linda & Westerlund, Hugo & Chungkham, Holendro & Vahtera, Jussi & Rod, Naja & Alexanderson, Kristina & Goldberg, Marcel & Kivim?ki, Mika & Stenholm, Sari & Platts, Loretta & Zins, Marie & Head, Jenny. (2018). Job strain and loss ofhealthy life years between ages 50and 75bysex and occupational position: Analyses of64934individuals from four prospective cohort studies. Occupational and Environmental Medicine. 75. oemed-2017.].

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 2019 A.G.Cuevas . 2983 , 17% 21%. , [77 - Cuevas, Adolfo & Chen, Ruijia & Thurber, Katherine & Slopen, Natalie & Williams, David. (2019). Psychosocial Stress and Overweight and Obesity: Findings From the Chicago Community Adult Health Study. Annals ofBehavioral Medicine.53.].

A. Conklin 2019 . - , 47%. , . Ӡ [78 - Conklin, Annalijn & Guo, S. & Yao, Christopher & Tam, Alexander & Richardson, Chris. (2019). Stressful life events, gender and obesity: Aprospective, population-based study ofadolescents inBritish Columbia.].

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