Книга - AutoCAD 2009. Учебный курс
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AutoCAD 2009.
, AutoCAD 2009, Autodesk.
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AutoCAD 2009.
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. Autodesk , , . , , , , 7 000 000 .
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AutoCAD . 1982 MicroCAD. AutoCAD . AutoCAD 18 , , .
AutoCAD , : ; ; ; AutoCAD - .
Autodesk AutoCAD - , .
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AutoCAD 2009 Autodesk , , .
, dgurski@minsk.piter.com (mailto:dgurski@minsk.piter.com)( , ).
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http://www.piter.com (http://www.piter.com/) .
1
AutoCAD 2009.
AutoCAD
AutoCAD
AutoCAD , . AutoCAD 2009 Windows :
Intel Pentium IV;
: Microsoft Windows XP Professional Home Edition ( SP1 SP2), Windows XP Tablet PC Edition (SP2) Windows 2000 (SP3 SP4). AutoCAD , , ;
Microsoft Internet Explorer 6.0 ( SP1 );
512 ;
VGA 1024 ? 768 true color;
750 ;
-: ( ).
AutoCAD 2009 :
Intel 3 ;
Windows XP Professional ( SP2);
2 ;
2 , , ;
1280 ? 1024 true color;
, 128 OpenGL.
AutoCAD
AutoCAD :
Start ? Programs ? Autodesk ? AutoCAD 2009;
Windows AutoCAD 2009.
AutoCAD . , .
, . , .
, . Wizard Description. AutoCAD , .
AutoCAD Startup (. 1.1).
. 1.1.
Startup , :
Open a Drawing . , , AutoCAD. , , Browse;
Start from Scratch , Default Settings: ( ) ():
Imperial (feet and inches) , , acad.dwt. , , 12 ? 9 ;
Metric , , acadiso.dwt. 429 ? 297 ;
Use a Template , . Select a Template: , . DWT, , Options. , , ;
Use a Wizard . Select a Wizard: AutoCAD Advanced Setup Quick Setup:
Advanced Setup AutoCAD: Units Angle, Angle Measure Angle Direction, Area;
Quick Setup AutoCAD: Units Area.
Startup AutoCAD . AutoCAD Create New Drawing.
, . . , .
( DWT) . , AutoCAD, . . .
, , :
;
;
SNAP, GRID ORTHO;
;
, ;
;
() .
, , , .
AutoCAD . Help. F1 , ? .
AutoCAD DWG. , SNAP, GRID, ORTHO; ; ; ; ; ; . .
AutoCAD Multiple Design Environment (MDE), . , . MDE , , , , , . , . .
OPEN, File ? Open OpenCTRL+O .
OPEN AutoCAD Select File (. 1.2). File name:.
. 1.2.
Preview . Views , , : , , .
Open (), Open Read-Only ( ), Partial Open ( ), Partial Open Read-Only ( ) Open. , . .
Select File, Shift Ctrl.
, Windows. AutoCAD, , , . , .
Windows, AutoCAD. AutoCAD, .
AutoCAD , . .
Find, . 1.3, Select File Tools ? Find.
. 1.3.
Name & Location Find , .
AutoCAD , Date Modified Find (. 1.4). , . .
. 1.4.
, AutoCAD , 2009 .
. , . , , , .
. : , , , , . . , . , , , .
, , . : , .
. , , , .
, . , , ( ), , , , .
. , AutoCAD, , . . AutoCAD .
NEW, File ? New QNew .
AutoCAD Create New Drawing . 1.5.
. 1.5.
Start from Scratch. . , , , . , , , , :
Imperial (feet and inches) , ( ), acad.dwt. , , 12 ? 9 ;
Metric , , acadiso.dwt. 429 ? 297 .
, Create New Drawing Use a Template Select a Template: (. 1.6).
. 1.6.
AutoCAD Wizard . , , . , . , , ; , .
Create New Drawing Use a Wizard , . 1.7.
. 1.7.
QuickSetup (. 1.8) Units Area. : Decimal, Engineering, Architectural, Fractional, Scientific.
. 1.8.
Width Length , , . , . , .
Advanced Setup (. 1.9) Units Angle, Angle Measure Angle Direction, Area. , , , .
. 1.9.
, , .
LIMITS . Format ? Drawing Limits. AutoCAD : , .
: , . Z .
LIMITS:
Reset Model space limits:
Specify lower left corner or [ON/OFF]
Specify upper right corner
:
ON . AutoCAD , ;
OFF ;
, Enter.
. , 100 ? 200 , .
. , ( ) , , , . . , 210 ? 297 , 0,0 210,297 .
, LIMITS. . Display Options.
.
, . GRID . . . .
Snap and Grid Drafting Settings (. 1.10), Tools ? Drafting Settings Settings , Grid Display .
. 1.10.
Grid On (F7). Grid spacing , X Y. Grid X spacing: Grid Y spacing: . Major line every: .
Grid behavior : Adaptive grid , Allow subdivision below grid spacing , Display grid beyond Limits , Follow Dynamic UCS .
Grid Display F7.
.
SNAP , , . SNAP , . . X Y. .
. , , . : .
SNAP Snap and Grid Drafting Settings, Tools ? Drafting Settings Settings , Snap Mode (. . 1.10).
Snap On (F9). Snap spacing . Snap X spacing: Snap Y spacing: .
Equal X and Y spacing X Y. Polar spacing .
Snap type. Grid snap (Rectangular snap , Isometric snap ), PolarSnap .
Snap Mode F9.
, .
Tools ? Drafting Settings Snap and Grid Drafting Settings Snap type PolarSnap . . 1.10. Polar spacing Polar distance: .
, (, ). ( ) , , , . . . : 30, 90 150. , (. 1.11); F5 ( CTRL+E):
: , 90 150;
: , 90 30;
: , 30 150.
. 1.11.
, . AutoCAD , . , ORTHO, . , , , , , , .
Tools ? Drafting Settings Snap and Grid Drafting Settings Snap type Isometric snap . . 1.10.
AutoCAD . AutoCAD . , , . . , .
Drawing Units, . 1.12. Format ? Units. Length Type: Precision: , Angle Type: Precision: . Clockwise .
. 1.12.
:
Architectural ;
Decimal ;
Engineering ;
Fractional ;
Scientific .
; , .
:
Decimal Degrees ;
Deg/Min/Sec //;
Grads ;
Radians ;
Surveyor's Units .
Direction. Direction Control . 1.13.
. 1.13.
, AutoCAD . .
East , North , West , South Other . Angle:, , .
QSAVE File ? Save Save CTRL+S . QSAVE , . , QSAVE , SAVEAS.
SAVE SAVEAS . SAVE , SAVEAS File ? Save As. File name: Save Drawing As . 1.14.
. 1.14.
BAK DWG. BAK- . DWG. , , .
. Files of type: Save Drawing As AutoCAD Drawing Template (*.dwt).
, SAVETIME Open and Save Options. Tools ? Options. Automatic save File Safety Precautions Minutes between saves.
. , , . , . . , .
, , . , , . .
, . PREVIEW, File ? Plot Preview Plot Preview . . , , (. 1.15), .
. 1.15.
Plot Model (. 1.16). PLOT, File ? Plot Plot (CTRL+P) .
. 1.16.
Plot Model .
Page setup . Add .
Printer/plotter :
Name: ;
Properties ;
Plot to file .
Paper size .
Number of copies .
Plot area : Display , Limits , Window , .
Plot offset (origin set to printable area) X Y, .
Plot scale :
Fit to paper ;
Scale: ;
Scale lineweights .
Plot style table (pen assignments) .
Shaded viewport options :
Shade plot ( , , ; 3D-, 3D-, , ; , , , , , );
Quality (, , , , , ).
Plot options :
Plot in background ;
Plot object lineweights ;
Plot with plot styles ;
Plot paperspace last ;
Hide paperspace objects ;
Plot stamp on ;
Save changes to layout .
Drawing orientation :
Portrait ;
Landscape ;
Plot upside-down .
Preview .
AutoCAD
AutoCAD QUIT, File ? Exit CTRL+Q.
AutoCAD. , . AutoCAD (. 1.17), : , . , Save Drawing As . . 1.14.
. 1.17.
2
AutoCAD
AutoCAD DesignCenter
. 2.1. AutoCAD Windows.
. 2.1. AutoCAD
:
Menu Browser , A (. 2.2);
:
Standard Styles ;
Workspaces, Layers Properties ;
Draw, Modify ;
Tool Palettes ;
;
;
, .
. 2.2.
. Tools ? Customize ? Interface, Customize User Interface Customize, Customizatios in All CUI Files Menus (. 2.3). , , , .
. 2.3.
:
File : , , , , , , , , .;
Edit , .;
View , , , , , , , , ;
Insert , , ;
Format ; , ; , , , ; , , ;
Tools ; ; ; ; AutoLISP; ; ; ( , , , , , , ); .;
Draw ;
Dimension ;
Modify ;
Window ;
Help .
AutoCAD . , , .
, , . , .
(float) (dock), . , (. 2.4). , . , , .
. 2.4.
, . , (. 2.5).
. 2.5.
, , , .
, . , , :
Floating Toolbars/Panels ;
Docked Toolbars/Panels ;
Floating Windows ;
Docked Windows ;
All : Locked , Unlocked ;
Help .
, Ctrl.
Standard . 2.6.
. 2.6.
:
QNew ;
Open (Ctrl+) ;
Save (Ctrl+S) ;
Plot (Ctrl+P) , ;
Plot Preview , ;
Publish Design Web Format (DWF), Publish;
3DDWF Design Web Format (DWF);
Cut (Ctrl+X) ;
Copy (Ctrl+C) Windows ;
Paste (Ctrl+V) Windows;
Match Properties ;
Block Editor ;
Undo (Ctrl+Z) ;
Redo (Ctrl+Y) ;
Pan Realtime ;
Zoom Realtime ;
Zoom , ;
Zoom Previous ;
Properties (Ctrl+1) ;
DesignCenter (Ctrl+2) , , , , , , , , ;
Tool Palettes Window (Ctrl+3) , / . , ;
Sheet Set Manager (Ctrl+4) , , ;
Markup Set Manager (Ctrl+7) , DWF;
QuickCalc (Ctrl+8) ;
Help .
Styles, . 2.7, , .
. 2.7.
:
Text Style ;
Dimension Style ;
Table Style ;
Multileader Style -.
Workspaces, . 2.8, .
. 2.8.
, , . , , , , .
AutoCAD :
2D Drafting & Annotation (. 2.9);
. 2.9.
3D Modeling (. 2.10);
. 2.10.
AutoCAD Classic AutoCAD (. . 2.1).
, Workspaces :
Save Current As Save Workspace, ;
Workspace settings Workspace Settings, ;
Customize Customize User Interface, .
Workspaces :
Workspace Settings Workspace Settings, ;
My Workspace .
3D Modeling , . , , . . Model Lauout , . , Model Lauout.
Layers, . 2.11, .
. 2.11.
:
Layer Properties Manager Layer Properties Manager;
Layer Control . , . ( ):
Turn a layer On or Off / ;
Freeze or thaw in ALL viewports / ;
Freeze or thaw in current viewport / ;
Lock or Unlock a layer / ;
Color of layer ;
Layer Control .
Make Object's Layer Current ;
Layer Previous ;
Layer States Manager Layer States Manager.
Properties, . 2.12, , .
. 2.12.
:
Color Control , ;
Line Type Control , ;
Line Weight Control () , ;
Plot Styles Control . .
, () . , , , , , . , . .
(. 2.13) .
. 2.13.
, / :
Snap Mode ;
Grid Display ;
Ortho Mode ;
Polar Tracking ;
Object Snap ;
Object Snap Tracking ;
Allow/Disallow Dynamic UCS ;
Dynamic Input ;
Show/Hide Lineweight ();
Quick Properties ;
Model or Paper space ;
Quick View Layouts ;
Quick View Drawins ;
Pan ;
Zoom ;
SteeringWheel Wheel;
ShowMotion Motion.
/ (. 2.14). Status Bar menu , .
. 2.14.
Tray Settings Tray Settings (. 2.15), :
Display icons from services ;
Display notifications from services :
Display time ;
Display until closed .
. 2.15.
; AutoCAD. , , . .
AutoCAD (. 2.16). , .
. 2.16.
, ( ) ( ). , .
, . , . , , . ; (. 2.17).
. 2.17.
AutoCAD.
, . : ?, ?, ?, ?, Insert, Delete, Home, End, Page Up, Page Down, Backspace.
Ctrl+C, , Ctrl+V, .
AutoCAD , , , , Options.
(command history) , , . 2.18. F2 TEXTSCR, View ? Display ? Text Window F2.
. 2.18.
: , , AutoCAD. ?, ?, ?, ?, Page Up .
. .
AutoCAD 2009 . Display Options, Tools ? Options. Display screen menu Window Elements.
AutoCAD . , . , AutoCAD.
:
F1 AutoCAD;
F2 ;
F3 Ctrl+F / OSNAP;
F4 TABMODE;
F5 Ctrl+E ;
F6 Ctrl+D / , UCSDETECT;
F7 Ctrl+G / GRID, GRIDMODE;
F8 Ctrl+L / ORTHO, ORTHOMODE;
F9 Ctrl+B / SNAP, SNAPMODE;
F10 / POLAR;
F11 / OTRACK;
F12 / DYN;
Esc Ctrl+[, Ctrl+\ ;
Enter, Ctrl+M Ctrl+J ;
Ctrl+A ;
ALT+ F11 Visual Basic;
ALT+ F8 Macros;
Ctrl+C Windows;
Ctrl+H / PICKSTYLE;
Ctrl+I / COORDS;
Ctrl+N , Create New Drawing;
Ctrl+O Select File;
Ctrl+P , Plot Model;
Ctrl+R ;
Ctrl+S ;
Ctrl+T ;
Ctrl+V ;
Ctrl+X ;
Ctrl+Y ;
Ctrl+Z ;
Ctrl+ Shitf+A / ;
Ctrl+ Shitf+C ;
Ctrl+ Shitf+S Save Drawing As;
Ctrl+ Shitf+V ;
Ctrl+ Page Up ;
Ctrl+ Page Down ;
Ctrl+0 / ;
Ctrl+1 / ;
Ctrl+2 / DesignCenter;
Ctrl+3 / ;
Ctrl+4 / ;
Ctrl+5 / INFO;
Ctrl+6 / , dbConnect Manager;
Ctrl+7 / ;
Ctrl+8 / ;
Ctrl+9 / .
. ; , (. . 2.4, 2.19). .
. 2.19.
:
. , , , , , , , Options;
- . , , ;
Shift. ;
. , . ;
. , ;
OLE OLE-. , OLE-.
, OLE , . , . Enter. .
AutoCAD, , :
. / ;
. , , , ;
. , , , , ;
, , . ;
Model/Layout Model Layout. , .
TOOLPALETTES Tools ? Palettes ? Tool Palettes (CTRL+3) Tool Palettes Window (Ctrl+3) .
, Tool Palettes (. 2.20), , , .
. 2.20.
:
;
( Microsoft Windows NT);
.
. , Ctrl.
. c , .
, , . , , , .
, , . , .
. , , , 1:100. 1:100.
:
, . , ;
;
Cut , Copy Paste ;
Command List: Customize User Interface.
. , , , Create Tool Palette.
.
, , Read only.
AutoCAD. XTP.
, , , Properties. Tool Properties (. 2.21):
;
, ;
, , .
. 2.21.
AutoCAD DesignCenter
: , - , , . AutoCAD . , , , ( ), AutoCAD DesignCenter.
, , , , , . , .
DesignCenter :
, -;
, , , , , ;
, ;
;
.
AutoCAD ADCENTER, Tools ? Palettes ? DesignCenter (Ctrl+2), DesignCenter (Ctrl+2) (. 2.22).
. 2.22. DesignCenter
, , , , , . AutoCAD , : . .
, DesignCenter, , . , . , . .
:
Folders , . , , , ;
Open Drawings , , . , , , , , , ;
History , , . Folders ;
DC Online - , -, , , -.
, . , .
, , , , AutoCAD, , . , .
, , , , .
, . , .
AutoCAD :
, ;
, . , ;
( AutoCAD), . , .
AutoCAD , , . Search, Search . 2.23.
. 2.23.
, . , . , , , . , , ( ), , Look for Drawings and Blocks. . In Browse . , , Search subfolders.
Look for Drawings, Search , :
Drawings , , . , ( , . .);
Date Modified . during the previous N month(s) N during the previous N day(s) N . AutoCAD ;
Advanced . , , , ( , , ). , . , . (* ?).
Look for , Drawings, Search :
Blocks ;
Dimstyles ;
Drawings and Blocks ;
Hatch Pattern Files ;
Hatch Patterns ;
Layers ;
Layouts ;
Linetypes ;
Tablestyles ;
Textstyles ;
Xrefs .
Search Now. . New Search. .
, , . .
AutoCAD , :
Folders ;
Open Drawings , AutoCAD;
History 20 , AutoCAD;
DC Online .
AutoCAD . , , .
, . , . AutoCAD, , .
, AutoCAD :
, , AutoCAD, -;
, , ;
, -;
. , , , , , . ;
DWG- ;
;
( , ). .
3
AutoCAD
AutoCAD, . . , , . , .
AutoCAD Options, Tools ? Options , . Options 10 , .
Files Options, . 3.1, , , , , AutoCAD. , .
. 3.1.
Search paths, file names, and file locations: :
Support File Search Path ;
Working Support File Search Path ;
Device Driver File Search Path ;
Project Files Search Path ;
Customization Files ;
Help and Miscellaneous File Names .;
Text Editor, Dictionary, and Font File Names , ;
Print File, Spooler, and Prolog Section Names , ;
Printer Support File Path ;
Automatic Save File Location ;
Color Book Locations ;
Data Sources Location ;
Template Settings ;
Tool Palettes File Locations ;
Authoring Palette File Locations ;
Log File Location ;
Plot and Publish Log File Location /;
Temporary Drawing File Location ;
Temporary External Reference File Location ;
Texture Maps Search Path ;
Web File Search Path -;
i-drop Associated File Location .
Display Options, . 3.2, AutoCAD.
. 3.2.
Window Elements :
Color Scheme: ;
Display scroll bars in drawing window / ;
Display Drawing status bar / ;
Display screen menu / ;
Use large buttons for Toolbars 16 ? 15 24 ? 22 ;
Show ToolTips / ;
Show shortcut keys in ToolTips / ;
Colors Drawing Window Colors, AutoCAD (. 3.3):
. 3.3. AutoCAD
Context: , : 2D model space , Sheet/layout , 3D parallel projection , 3D perspective projection , Block editor , Command line , Plot preview ;
Interface element: , . , , , , , , , , , , , , / , . , , , , , . , , , , , , . , , , , , , , , , , . . ;
Color: ;
Restore current element ;
Restore current context ;
Restore all contexts ;
Preview: ;
Fonts Command Line Window Font, (. 3.4). : Font: , Font Style: Size: . Sample Command Line Font .
. 3.4.
Layout elements :
Display Layout and Model tabs Layout Model;
Display printable area ;
Display paper background ;
Display paper shadow ;
Show Page Setup Manager for new layouts ;
Create viewport in new layouts .
Display resolution :
Arc and circle smoothness ;
Segments in a polyline curve ;
Rendered object smoothness ;
Contour lines per surface .
Display performance :
Pan and zoom with raster & OLE . RTDISPLAY;
Highlight raster image frame only . . IMAGEHLT;
Apply solid fill . . FILLMODE;
Show text boundary frame only . . QTEXTMODE;
Draw true silhouettes for solids and surfaces . . DISPSILH.
Crosshair size .
Reference Edit fading intensity .
Open and Save Options . 3.5.
. 3.5.
.
File Save :
Save As: ;
Thumbnail Preview Setings (. 3.6), . Save a thumbnail preview image . Generate Sheet, Sheet View and Model View Thumbnails /. Perfomance Accuracy ;
. 3.6.
Incremental save percentage .
File Safety Precautions :
Automatic save ;
Minutes between saves ;
Create backup copy with each save ;
Full-time CRC validation ;
Maintain a log file ;
File extension for temporary files ;
Security Options , , ;
Display digital signature information .
File Open : Number of recently-used files , , Display full path in title .
External References (Xrefs) :
Demand load Xrefs: . : Disabled , Enabled Enabled with copy ;
Retain changes to Xref layers ;
Allow other users to Refedit current drawing .
ObjectARX Applications :
Demand load ObjectARX apps: : Disable load on demand , Custom object detect , Command invoke Object detect and command invoke ;
Proxy images for custom objects: : Do not show proxy graphics , Show proxy graphics Show proxy bounding box ;
Show Proxy Information dialog box: .
Plot and Publish Options . 3.7.
. 3.7.
Default plot settings for new drawings :
Use as default output device ;
Use last successful plot settings ;
Add or Configure Plotters .
Plot to file , , .
Background processing options : Plotting , Publishing .
Plot and publish log file :
Automatically save plot and publish ;
Save one continuous plot log ;
Save one log per plot .
Auto publish :
Automatic DWF Publish DWF-;
Automatic DWF Publish Settings Auto Publish Options.
General plot options :
Keep the layout paper size if possible ( ) ;
Use the plot device paper size ;
System printer spool alert: :
Always alert (and log errors) ( );
Alert first time only (and log errors) ( );
Never alert (and log first error) ( );
Never alert (do not log errors) ( );
OLE plot quality: OLE-:
Monochrome (e.g. spreadsheet) (, );
Low graphics (e.g. color text !& pie charts) (, );
High graphics (e.g. photograph) (, );
Automatically select ;
Use OLE application when plotting OLE objects OLE- OLE-;
Hide system printers .
Specify plot offset relative to :
Printable area ;
Edge of paper .
Plot Stamp Settings Plot Stamp, (. 3.8):
. 3.8.
Plot stamp fields :
Drawing name ;
Layout name ;
Date and Time ;
Login name ;
Device name ;
Paper size ;
Plot scale ;
Preview ;
User defined fields . Add/Edit User Defined Fields, ;
Plot stamp parameter file . Load Save As ;
Advanced Advanced Options (. 3.9), :
. 3.9.
Location and offset : Location: ( , , ); Orientation: ( ); Stamp upside-down ; X offset X; Y offset Y; Offset relative to printable area ; Offset relative to paper border ;
Text properties . Font: ; Height: ; Single line plot stamp ;
Plot stamp units (, );
Log file Location . Create a log file ; Browse .
Plot Style Table Settings , (. 3.10):
. 3.10.
Default plot style behavior for new drawing :
Use color dependent plot styles ;
Use named plot styles ;
Current plot style table settings :
Default plot style table ;
Default plot style for layer 0: 0;
Default plot style for objects: ;
Add or Edit Plot Style Tables .
AutoCAD System Options . 3.11.
. 3.11.
3D Perfomance . Perfomance Settings Adaptive Degradation and Peromance Tuning (. 3.12), :
. 3.12.
Adaptive degradation :
Degrade when FPS is below: , , ;
Degradation order: . , (, ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ). ;
Learn about adaptive degradation ;
Hardware and performance tuning . ;
View Tune Log ;
Manual Tune Manual Perfomance Tuning (. 3.13), : Enable hardware acceleration ; Driver name: ; ( , , , ). : Discard back faces ; Transparency quality: (, , ). Dynamic tessellation : Surfaces: , Curves: ; Number of tessellations to cache: . Reset to Recommended Values ;
. 3.13.
Check for Updates .
Current Pointing Device , : Digitizer only , Digitizer and mouse .
Layout Regen Options :
Regen when switching layouts ;
Cache model tab and last layout ;
Cache model tab and all layouts .
dbConnect Options :
Store Links index in drawing file ;
Open tables in read-only mode .
General Options :
Display OLE Text Size Dialog OLE-;
Beep on error in user input ;
Load acad.lsp with every drawing acad.lsp ;
Allow long symbol names .
Live Enabler Options :
Check Wed for Live Enablers ;
Maximum number of unsuccessful checks .
User Preferences Options (. 3.14).
. 3.14.
Windows Standard Behavior Windows:
Double click editing ;
Shortcut menus in drawing area ;
Right-click Customizations , , (. 3.15):
. 3.15.
Turn on time-sensitive right-click : Quick click for ENTER ENTER; Longer click to display Shortcut Menu ; Longer click duration: ;
Default Mode . , : Repeat Last Command , Shortcut Menu ;
Edit Mode . , : Repeat Last Command , Shortcut Menu ;
Command Mode . , : ENTER, Shortcut Menu: always enabled , Shortcut Menu: enabled when command options are present , , .
Insertion scale . , :
Source content units: (, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , );
Target drawing units: (, , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , , ).
Fields :
Display background of fields ;
Field Update Settings , (. 3.16):
. 3.16.
Open ;
Save ;
Plot ;
eTransmit ;
Regen .
Priority for Coordinate Data Entry :
Running object snap ;
Keyboard entry ;
Keyboard entry except scripts ( ).
Associative Dimensioning .
Hyperlink , .
Undo/Redo , .
Lineweight Settings , (. 3.17):
. 3.17.
Lineweights ;
Units for Listing : Millimeters (mm) , Inches (in) ;
Display Lineweight . Default ;
Adjust Display Scale .
Edit Scale List , (. 3.18).
. 3.18.
Drafting Options, . 3.19, .
. 3.19.
AutoSnap Settings :
Marker ;
Magnet ;
Display AutoSnap tooltip ;
Display AutoSnap aperture box ;
Colors Drawing Window Colors (. . 3.3), .
AutoSnap Marker Size .
Object Snap Options :
Ignore hatch objects ;
Replace Z value with current elevation Z ;
Ignore negative Z object snaps for Dynamic UCS Z.
AutoTrack Settings :
Display polar tracking vector ;
Display full-screen tracking vector ;
Display AutoTrack tooltip .
Alignment Point Acquisition :
Automatic ;
Shift to acquire Shift.
Aperture Size .
Drafting Tooltip Settings Tooltip Appearance (. 3.20), :
. 3.20.
Model Preview ;
Layout Preview ;
Colors Drawing Window Colors (. . 3.3), ;
Size ;
Transparency ;
Override OS settings for all drafting tooltips ;
Use settings only for Dynamic Input tooltips .
Lights Glyph Settings Light Glyph Appearance (. 3.21), :
. 3.21.
Glyph Preview : Point , Spot ;
Edit Glyph Colors Drawing Window Colors (. . 3.3), ;
Glyph Size: .
Cameras Glyph Settings Camera Glyph Appearance (. 3.22), :
. 3.22.
Edit Glyph Colors Drawing Window Colors (. . 3.3), ;
Glyph Size: .
3D Modeling Options, . 3.23, .
. 3.23.
3D Crosshairs :
Show Z axis in crosshairs Z ;
Label axes in standard crosshairs ;
Show labels for dynamic UCS ;
Crosshair labels : Use X, Y, Z X, Y, Z; Use N, E, z N, E, z; Use custom labels .
Display ViewCube or UCS Icon :
Display UCS Icon in 2D model space ;
Display in 3D model space .
Display Input :
Show Z field for pointer input Z.
3D Objects :
Visual Style while creating 3D objects : ByViewport , 2D Wireframe , 3D Hidden , 3D Wireframe , Conceptual , Realistic ;
Deletion control while creating 3D objects :
Retain defining geometry ;
Delete profile curves ;
Delete profile and path curves ;
Prompt to delete profile curves ;
Prompt to delete profile and path curves ;
U isolines on surfaces and meshes U- ;
V isolines on surfaces and meshes V- .
3D Navigation :
Reverse mouse wheel zoom ;
Walk and Fly Walk and Fly Settings (. 3.24), :
. 3.24.
Settings : When entering walk and fly modes , Once per session , Never . Display Position Locator window ;
Current drawing settigs : Walk/fly step size: / , Steps per second: ;
Animation Animation Settings (. 3.25), :
. 3.25.
Settings : Visual style: (, ; , , , ; , , , , ), Resolution: , Frame rate (FPS): , Format: .
Selection Options, . 3.26, .
. 3.26.
Pickbox Size .
Selection Preview :
When a command is active ;
When no command is active ;
Visual Effect Settings (. 3.27), :
. 3.27.
Selection Preview Effect : Dash , Thicken , Both . Advanced Options Advanced Preview Options (. 3.28), : Exclude objects on locked layers . : Xrefs , Tables , Groups , Multiline text , Hatches ;
. 3.28.
Area Selection Effect : Indicate selection area , Window selection color: , Crossing selection color: , Selection area opacity: .
Selection Modes :
Noun/verb selection ;
Use Shift to add to selection Shift ;
Press and drag ;
Implied windowing ;
Object grouping ;
Associative Hatch .
Grip Size .
Grips :
Unselected grip color: ;
Selected grip color: ;
Hover grip color: ;
Enable grips ;
Enable grips within blocks ;
Enable grip tips ;
Object selection limit for display of grips .
Profiles Options (. 3.29). AutoCAD, . ; . , , . AutoCAD Unnamed Profile. Options.
. 3.29.
Profiles :
Available Profiles: ;
Set Current ;
Add to List ;
Renane ;
Delete ;
Export ARG-;
Import ARG-;
Reset .
4
AutoCAD , - . AutoCAD , LIMITS. , , AutoCAD :
** Outside limits
.
14 .
AutoCAD :
, ;
(), . .
, , , . :
, ;
, ;
, <, , .
COORDS. 0 , 1 , 2 .
(, ) ID. , .
LIST. . , , . .
:
, X Y. F8,
Ortho Mode ;
, X Y. F9,
Snap Mode . , .
. AutoCAD , World Coordinate System (WCS). , OX , OY , OZ , . , , User Coordinate System (UCS), / . , .
. AutoCAD , , , . (*).
, , .
Dynamic Input.
:
;
.
Drafting Settings, Dynamic Input (. 4.1), Tools ? Drafting Settings Dynamic Input Settings.
. 4.1.
.
Enable Pointer Input .
Enable Dimension Input where possible , .
Pointer Input Settings Pointer Input Settings (. 4.2), :
. 4.2.
Format :
Polar format ;
Cartesian format ;
Relative coordinates ;
Absolute coordinates ;
Visibility :
As soon as I type coordinate data ;
When a command asks for a point ;
Always even when not in command , .
Dimension Input Settings Dimension Input Settings (. 4.3), :
. 4.3.
Show only 1 dimension input field at a time ;
Show 2 dimension input fields at a time ;
Show the following dimension input fields simultaneously: :
Resulting Dimension ;
Length Change ;
Absolute Angle ;
Angle Change ;
Arc Radius .
Dynamic Prompts :
Show command prompting and command input near the crosshairs ;
? ( ).
Drafting Tooltip Appearance Tooltip Appearance (. 4.4), :
. 4.4.
Model Preview ;
Layout Preview ;
Colors Drawing Window Colors (. . 3.3);
Size ;
Transparency ;
Override OS settings for all drafting tooltips ;
Use settings only for Dynamic Input tooltips ;
Options , Drafting (. . 3.19).
, , TAB . , . , #.
XY, . .
:
() . : X, Y Z. , (+ -). World Coordinate System (WCS), , X , Y , Z XY;
. , , , , . . 0 OX.
. : @dx,dy , @r
, .
.
, (. 4.5).
. 4.5.
LINE, Draw ? Line Line Draw. :
_LINE
Specify first point: 40,20 1
Specify next point or [Undo]: 190,20 2
Specify next point or [Undo]: 190,100 3
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: 130,40 4
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: 130,100 5
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: Close
.
, . 4.5, .
LINE, Draw ? Line Line Draw. ( @ Shift+2):
_LINE
Specify first point: 40,20 1
Specify next point or [Undo]: @150,0 2 1
Specify next point or [Undo]: @0,80 3 2
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @-60,-60 4 3
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @0,60 5 4
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: Close
.
, (. . 4.5).
LINE, Draw ? Line Line Draw. :
_LINE
Specify first point: 40,20 1
Specify next point or [Undo]: @150<0 2 1
Specify next point or [Undo]: @80<90 3 2
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @85<-135 4 3
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: @60<90 5 4
Specify next point or [Close/Undo]: Close
, . , , , ARRAY, MEASURE DIVIDE. . , , . .
, X Y Z. , , .
. x, y z World Coordinate System (WCS), User Coordinate System (UCS).
AutoCAD . Z X Y, .
X, Y. , . 4.6 , Z.
. 4.6.
, . 4.6 . , .
(x, y, z) (x, y). X Y Z. AutoCAD , x y, , z ( THICKNESS). , :
3,5,2
, , ( ), ( ). @ , .
. , z Z, XY. ( ) XY, X XY. .
. 4.7 7<30,5. 7 XY, 30 X XY Z, 5. , , .
. 4.7.
.
, . , , . 3DPOLY .
_3DPOLY
Specify start point of polyline: 0,0,0 1
Specify endpoint of line or [Undo]: @40<45,20 2
Specify endpoint of line or [Undo]: @40<135,20 3
Specify endpoint of line or [Close/Undo]: @40<-135,20 4
Specify endpoint of line or [Close/Undo]: @40<-45,20 5
Specify endpoint of line or [Close/Undo]: @40<45,20 6
Specify endpoint of line or [Close/Undo]: @40<135,20 7
Specify endpoint of line or [Close/Undo]: @40<-135,20 8
Specify endpoint of line or [Close/Undo]: @40<-45,20 9
Specify endpoint of line or [Close/Undo]: Close
, . , ? ? . , @40<45,20 , ? ( ), Enter. : ? ?, Backspace.
. , X XY XY. <. .
. 4.8 7<30<45. 7 , 30 X XY 45 XY.
. 4.8.
.
, , . ., , . 3DPOLY , , 50 .
_3DPOLY
Specify start point of polyline: 50<20<-20 1
Specify endpoint of line or [Undo]: 50<30<5 2
Specify endpoint of line or [Undo]: 50<15<20 3
Specify endpoint of line or [Close/Undo]: 50<-15<20 4
Specify endpoint of line or [Close/Undo]: 50<-30<5 5
Specify endpoint of line or [Close/Undo]: Close
. . , . :
<>
<> x, y, z .
: .x, .y, .z, .xy, .xz .yz. , , .x, AutoCAD Y Z.
.
, AutoCAD : World Coordinate System, WCS, User Coordinate System, UCS. X , Y , Z XY. X Y; . , . .
, ( ) . . . , . , . . . , SNAP, GRID ORTHO, .
XY . . , , , .
XY X Y. , . UCSICON. , , , (. 4.9).
. 4.9.
(. 4.10).
. 4.10.
(+) . / , . , .
, XY . z, . : , .
:
XY Z;
;
;
;
;
;
XY Z ;
;
;
.
, , UCS. Tools ? New UCS. UCS . 4.11.
. 4.11. UCS
UCS . UCS:
Current ucs name: *WORLD*
Specify origin of UCS or [Face/NAmed/OBject/Previous/View/World/X/Y/Z/ZAxis]
World ;
UCS Previous . ;
Face UCS ;
Object ;
View , XY, ( , );
Origin ;
Z Axis Vector ;
3Point X Y ;
X X;
Y Y;
Z Z;
Apply .
, UCSFOLLOW; .
, .
.
UCSXDIR, UCSYDIR X Y . .
UCSNAME .
WORLDUCS 1, , 0 .
UCSORG .
DDUCS, Tools ? Named UCS Named UCS UCSII. Named UCSs UCS .
, Named UCSs UCS, . . 4.12 Named UCSs . , Set Current.
. 4.12.
, Unnamed . . World Previous , . , , , . , UCS Named UCSs.
Delete.
Details UCS Details, (. 4.13).
. 4.13. UCS Details
. , , , . , . .
UCSVP. 0, . UCSVP 1, .
Settings UCS . , . , , , .
, , , UCS, Orthographic UCSs, . 4.14. DDUCSP, Tools ? Named UCS.
. 4.14.
, , . DDUCSP .
AutoCAD : , , , , . .
. ( X , Y ). , .
.
. W. , , (+).
UCS, Tools ? New UCS ? Origin Origin UCS. :
_UCS
Current ucs name: *WORLD*
Specify origin of UCS or [Face/NAmed/OBject/Previous/View/World/X/Y/Z/ZAxis]
Specify new origin point <0,0,0>: 195,140
:
_UCS
Current ucs name: *NO NAME*
Specify origin of UCS or [Face/NAmed/OBject/Previous/View/World/X/Y/Z/ZAxis]
Specify rotation angle about Z axis <90>: 30 Z
UCS, Tools ? New UCS ? World World UCS. :
_UCS
Current ucs name: *NO NAME*
Specify origin of UCS or [Face/NAmed/OBject/Previous/View/World/X/Y/Z/ZAxis]
5
()
. . , , () , . , . . . , . () . .
, , Layers Properties (. . 2.11 2.12).
. , , , , , . ., , . . , , .
, . , , () . , . .
, , CENTER. , , . , . , . AutoCAD .
, . - . , . - , , . , .
Layer Properties Manager, . 5.1. Format ? Layer Layer Properties Manager Layers.
. 5.1.
, 0, , Continuous, () Default, 0.25 mm. .
:
Status . ;
Name . - , ;
On . , , ;
Freeze . , ;
Lock . , . , , ;
Color ;
Linetype , , ;
Lineweight () , , ;
Plot Style ;
Plot / ;
New VP Freeze ;
Description .
New Layer (Alt+N), Layer Properties Manager, . 5.1.
, Layer1. Layer2, Layer3 . . . , , Enter.
, . .
AutoCAD . , . .
, Status Set Current (Alt+C), Layer Properties Manager . . 5.1.
Status CLAYER.
, (. 5.2).
. 5.2.
, . , Make Objects Layer Current Layers.
, Layer Properties Manager, . , , , , () . , . , , .
AutoCAD , , . , . , , , , .
. , . ZOOM, PAN VPORTS, . , . . . , . , . . , , , . , .
. , .
, . , , , . .
Layer Properties Manager, . 5.1, On. Freeze.
, Layers (. . 5.2).
, . , , , . . , . . Layer Properties Manager . . 5.1. , , Plot.
, , , . . , . .
. , .
Layer Properties Manager, . 5.1, Layers (. . 5.2) Lock .
, .
Layer Properties Manager, . 5.1. Color . Select Color, . 5.3.
. 5.3.
, 1 255 AutoCAD Color Index (ACI). 1 7 (1 , 2 , 3 , 4 , 5 , 6 , 7 /).
True Color 16 . : RGB , , , HSL , .
, .
, ByLayer ByBlock . ByLayer , , . ByBlock , , . , .
Color Books Select Color (. 5.4), , .
. 5.4.
. . , . . .
, , , .
Layer Properties Manager. Linetype . Select Linetype, . 5.5, . , , Load Load or Reload Linetypes (. 5.6), , Select Linetype, .
. 5.5.
. 5.6.
ByLayer , , . ByBlock , (continuous) . , , , .
, , . . AutoCAD . , .
LTSCALE. CELTSCALE, . PSLTSCALE.
Linetype Manager Format ? Linetype Show details (. 5.7).
. 5.7.
Details :
Name: ;
Description: ;
Use paper space units for scaling ;
Global scale factor: ;
Current object scale: ;
ISO pen width: ISO.
. - , . LIN- . ByLayer, ByBlock Continuous, , .
. ByLayer ByBlock . , , .
AutoCAD, , , , , , . , .
. PLINEGEN.
()
, . : , , , .
LWT.
Layer Properties Manager (. . 5.1). Lineweight , Lineweight (. 5.8).
. 5.8.
, Default. Default 0,25 (0,01 ), LWDEFAULT.
, , . , 0,025 (0,01 ), . , , .
. Default Lineweight Settings, . 5.9. LWT Settings , Lineweight Settings User Preferences Options, LWEIGHT.
. 5.9.
( ), , LWUNITS.
. , . . . , . 0 . ( ) .
, , . . , , . .
, . , , , .
, . . , , . , , 0,025 (0,01 ), AutoCAD. , , . AutoCAD .
True Type, , .
, Layer Properties Manager . . :
, , , ;
/;
/;
/;
/ ;
/ ;
/ .
, , Layer Properties Manager (. . 5.1).
New Property Filter (Alt+P) Layer Filter Properties, (. 5.10).
. 5.10.
New Group Filter (Alt+G) .
Layer States Manager (Alt+S) Layer States Manager (. 5.11).
. 5.11.
Layer properties to restore :
On/Off /;
Frozen/Thawed /;
Visibility in Current VP ;
Locked/Unlocked /;
Plot/No Plot /;
Color ;
Linetype ;
Lineweight ;
Plot Style ;
New VP Frozen/Thawed / ;
Turn off layers not found in layer state , .
Layer Properties Manager (. 5.12), :
. 5.12.
Visibility (, , , );
Lock /;
Viewport ;
Isolate Group ( , );
New Properties Filter Layer Filter Properties, (. . 5.10);
New Group Filter ;
Convert to Group Filter ;
Rename ;
Delete ;
Properties PROPERTIES.
Layer Properties Manager (. 5.13), :
. 5.13.
Show Filter Tree ;
Show Filter in Layer List ;
Set current ;
New Layer ;
Rename Layer ;
Delete Layer ;
Change Description ;
Remove From Group Filter ;
New Layer VP Frozen All Viewports ;
VP Freeze Layer in All Viewports ;
VP Thaw Layer in All Viewports ;
Select All ;
Clear All ;
Select All but Current , ;
Invert Selection ;
Invert Layer Filter ;
Layer Filters (, );
Save Layer States New Layer State to Save;
Restore Layer State Layer States Manager .
, . , , ByLayer. ByLayer, , . , , , Continuous, 0.25 mm Default, . ByLayer, , , , , . , (, , . .) , .
, , , , , . - (, ) ByLayer ByBlock. , ByLayer.
ByBlock , . , .
: , . , , . , . , , ByLayer, , , . , , ByBlock, , ( ).
, .
, , , , . , , , . , , .
MATCHPROP . Modify ? Match Properties Match Properties .
, , , , , , .
, . Match Properties , , . , Settings.
Property Settings (. 5.14), .
. 5.14.
Basic Properties :
Color ;
Layer ;
Linetype ;
Linetype Scale ;
Lineweight ;
Thickness ;
PlotStyle .
Special Properties :
Dimension ;
Polyline ;
Material ;
Text ;
Viewport ;
Shadow display ;
Hatch ;
Table ;
Multileader -.
PROPERTIES, . 5.15, , . 40 , AutoCAD. PROPERTIES, Modify ? Properties, Properties (Ctrl+1) .
. 5.15.
Properties , . , , , , , .
, . Toggle value of PICKADD Sysvar Select Objects Quick Select.
.
General , :
Color ;
Layer ;
Linetype ;
Linetype scale ;
Lineweight ;
Thickness .
3D Visualization , :
Material ;
Shadow display .
Plot style , :
Plot style ;
Plot style table ;
Plot table attached to ;
Plot table type .
View , :
Center X X;
Center Y Y;
Center Z Z;
Height ;
Width .
Misc , :
Annotation scale ;
UCS icon On ;
UCS icon at origin ;
UCS per viewport ;
UCS Name ;
Visual Style .
Properties ; . , , . , , , , , , , .
6
Aerial View
AutoCAD . , . , , , ; . , .
, , . AutoCAD , .
, , (. 6.1, 6.2).
. 6.1.
. 6.2.
, . AutoCAD , , / .
ZOOM, View ? Zoom, . 6.3, Zoom (. 6.4).
. 6.3.
. 6.4.
ZOOM:
Specify corner of window, enter a scale factor (nX or nXP), or [All/Center/Dynamic/Extents/Previous/Scale/Window/Object]
ZOOM . .
Zoom Realtime .
ZOOM real time . .
View ? Zoom ? Realtime (. . 6.3), Zoom Realtime (. . 6.4), ZOOM real time. ZOOM. Enter .
, . , 100 %, .
, . , , , .
, Enter, Esc.
, . , ( ) . , .
(+) , . ( ) (). .
Zoom Window . View ? Zoom ? Window Zoom Window . . . , . ZOOM Window :
Specify corner of window, enter a scale factor (nX or nXP), or [All/Center/Dynamic/Extents/Previous/Scale/Window/Object]
Specify first corner:
Specify opposite corner:
Zoom Dynamic . View ? Zoom ? Dynamic Zoom Dynamic . . ZOOM Dynamic , . . ; . , , , ?. . Enter , , . , . , , ( ).
Zoom Scale . View ? Zoom ? Scale Zoom Scale . , . :
;
;
.
ZOOM Scale :
Specify corner of window, enter a scale factor (nX or nXP), or [All/Center/Dynamic/Extents/Previous/Scale/Window/Object]
Enter a scale factor (nX or nXP):
, . , 1, . . . 2, , 1, 0.5 .
x. , 2x, 0.5x. 1x .
Zoom Center . View ? Zoom ? Center Zoom Center . ZOOM Center :
Specify corner of window, enter a scale factor (nX or nXP), or [All/Center/Dynamic/Extents/Previous/Scale/Window/Object]
Specify center point:
Enter magnifi cation or height:
. . , x. xp.
Zoom Object , . View ? Zoom ? Object Zoom Object . ZOOM Object , , :
Specify corner of window, enter a scale factor (nX or nXP), or [All/Center/Dynamic/Extents/Previous/Scale/Window/Object]
Select objects:
Zoom In . View ? Zoom ? In Zoom In . ZOOM 2x :
Specify corner of window, enter a scale factor (nX or nXP), or [All/Center/Dynamic/Extents/Previous/Scale/Window/Object]
Zoom Out . View ? Zoom ? Out Zoom Out . ZOOM .5x :
Specify corner of window, enter a scale factor (nX or nXP), or [All/Center/Dynamic/Extents/Previous/Scale/Window/Object]
Zoom All , . View ? Zoom ? All Zoom All . ZOOM All . , . . , . .
Zoom Extents , . View ? Zoom ? Extents Zoom Extents . ZOOM Extents , . ; . , ZOOM , .
Zoom Previous . View ? Zoom ? Previous Zoom Previous . , . ZOOM Previous. , .
AutoCAD 10 . , , , .
Pan Realtime .
PAN . . Pan Realtime , View ? Pan ? Realtime.
PAN.
, , . , . -.
; Enter Esc.
Aerial View
DSVIEWER Aerial View, . Aerial View, . 6.5, View ? Aerial View. . Aerial View , , .
. 6.5.
AutoCAD , . Aerial View AutoCAD.
. . .
Aerial View, , , , . AutoCAD .
Aerial View . , . .
. .
, . , , ( ) . , , .
.
.
, (https://www.litres.ru/tatyana-sokolova/autocad-2009-uchebnyy-kurs/) .
Visa, MasterCard, Maestro, , , , PayPal, WebMoney, ., QIWI , .
- Жанр: Программы
- Теги: геометрическое моделирование, продукты Autodesk, проектирование на компьютере, САПР, AutoCAD
- Язык: Книги на русском языке
- Объём: 1030 стр. 866 иллюстраций
- Дата написания: 2008
- ISBN: 978-5-388-00279-2
- Дата выхода книги: 24 ноября 2009
- Версия: 📚 Электронная книга
Эта книга – практическое и справочное руководство, основа для самостоятельного изучения и освоения новой англоязычной версии самой популярной и мощной универсальной среды проектирования AutoCAD 2009, разработанной компанией Autodesk.
В издании приведены общие сведения об AutoCAD, подробно описан интерфейс системы, рассказано о настройке рабочей среды, формировании и редактировании объектов, командах оформления чертежей, о свойствах объектов и работе со слоями, уделено внимание вычислительным функциям системы. Подробно описаны принципы трехмерного моделирования, включая получение реалистических изображений, а также твердых копий чертежей.
Изложение сопровождается многочисленными рисунками, примерами, диалоговыми окнами, что облегчает не только изучение, но и дальнейшую работу в среде AutoCAD. Таким образом, книга может быть использована как учебное пособие и как справочник.
Допущено Учебно-методическим объединением вузов Российской Федерации по образованию в области дизайна, монументального и декоративного искусства в качестве учебного пособия для студентов высших учебных заведений, обучающихся по специальности 070601 «Дизайн».
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