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Henry Kissinger

ON CHINA



Wylie Agency (UK) Ltd.



. . ., PhD ..







Henry A.Kissinger, 2011

. .., 2012

AST Publishers, 2017


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, , , , , , , , . : , , . , . , , [14 - Lucian Pye, Social Science Theories in Search of Chinese Realities, China Quarterly 132 (1992): 1162.].

, , . 1863 ( , ) , . , , , (), - [15 - , , . , , 𻠖 ( ) , , . Papers Relating to Foreign Affairs Accompanying the Annual Message of the President to the First Session of the thirty-eighth Congress, vol. 2 (Washington, D.C.: U.S.Government Printing Office, 1864), Document No. 33 (Mr.Burlingameto Mr.Seward, Peking, January 29, 1863), 846848.].

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, , , . -[16 - . . .] , ( ), . , , [17 - , ( ) , . Joseph Needham's encyclopedic multivolume Science and Civilization in China (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1954).].

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- , , , , [20 - Jean-Baptiste Du Halde, Description geographique, historique, chronologique, politique, etphysique de l'empire de la Chine etde la Tartaric chinoise (La Haye: H.Scheurleer, 1736), no: Schurmann and Schell, eds., Imperial China, 71.].

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[24 - Confucius, The Analects, trans. William Edward Soothill (New York: Dover, 1995), 107.].

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, , , , . . , , , , , . , . , . , : [26 - Cm.Mark Mancall, The Ch'ing Tribute System: An Interpretive Essay, in John King Fairbank, ed., The Chinese World Order (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1968), 6365; Mark Mancall, China at the Center: 300 Years of Foreign Policy (New York: Free Press, 1984), 22.].




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, . , . , , . . , , . [28 - Fairbank and Goldman, China, 28, 6869.]. , . - -, , .

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. , , , , : . , , [29 - Masataka Banno, China and the West, 18581861: The Origins of the TsungliYamen (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1964), 224225; Mancall, China at the Center, 1617.].

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, . , , , , . [37 - . . .], . , 19 19, . 180 , , . , , , . . , . . , , [38 - , . David Lai, Learning from the Stones: A Go Approach to Mastering China's Strategic Concept, Shi (Carlisle, Pa.: United States Army War College Strategic Studies Institute, 2004); and David Lai and Gary W.Hamby, East Meets West: An Ancient Game Sheds New Light on U.S.-Asian Strategic Relations, Korean Journal of Defense Analysis 14, no. 1 (Spring 2002).].

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XVIII . , 1644 , -, . , , , . . [50 - Peter Perdue, China Marches West: The Qing Conquest of Central Eurasia (Cambridge: Belknap Press, 2005).].

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, . : , , , , [66 - Angus Maddison, The World Economy: A Millennial Perspective (Paris: Organisation for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2006), Appendix , 261, Table -18, World GDP, 2 Countries and Regional Totals, 0-1998 A.D..].

, , , , 20 . , , , , . 1816 , . .

- , . , , . - , ; , , [67 - Cm.Jonathan Spence, The Search for Modern China (New York: W.W.Norton, 1999), 149150; Peyrefltte, The Immobile Empire, 509511; Dennis Bloodworth and Ching Ping Bloodworth, The Chinese Machiavelli: 3000 Years of Chinese Statecraft (New York: Farrar, Straus & Giroux, 1976), 280.].

1834 , . , , , , . , , , [68 - Peter Ward Fay, The Opium War, 18401842 (Chapel Hill: University of North Carolina Press, 1975), 68.].

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, , , , , , , , , . , , , , . , [70 - Lin Tse-hsu's Moral Advice to Queen Victoria, 1839, in Ssu-yu Teng and John K.Fairbank, eds., China's Response to the West: A Documentary Survey, 18391923 (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1979), 26.].

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, , . . , . , , , . [73 - Lord Palmerston to the Minister of the Emperor of China (London, February 20,1840), as reprinted in HoseaBallou Morse, The International Relations of the Chinese Empire, vol. 1, The Period of Conflict, 18341860, part 2 (London: Longmans, Green, 1910), 621624.].

, , , , - . - , : , , - , [74 - . . 625.]. .

, . , : , , , , , , , [75 - Memorial to the Emperor, no: Franz Schurmann and Orville Schell, eds., Imperial China: The Decline of the last Dynasty and the Origins of Modern China, the 18th and 19th Centuries (New York: Vintage, 1967), 146147.]. () : , , , . , . , [76 - E.Backhouse and J.O.P Bland, Annals and Memoirs of the Court of Peking (Boston: Houghton Mifflin, 1914), 396.].

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, , - ( , ), , , . , : [ ] . , , , , , , [77 - Tsiang Ting-fu, Chung-kuo chin taishih [China's Modern History] (Hong Kong: Li-ta Publishers, 1955), no: Schurmann and Schell, eds., Imperial China, 139.].

, , , . , [ ] . , . , [78 - . .139140.].

. , , , , . , , , , [79 - Maurice Collis, Foreign Mud: Being an Account of the Opium Imbroglio at Canton in the 1830s and the Anglo-Chinese War That Followed (New York: New Directions, 1946), 297.]. , [80 - Cm.Teng and Fairbank, eds., China's Response to the West, 2729.].

, , , . . . , , [81 - ( ), . . .], , 6 . , ( , -).

, : . . , ( ). , . , , , , , . , ; , , [82 - ImmanuelC.Y Hsu, The Rise of Modern China, 6th ed. (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 2000), 187188.].

, , , [83 - Spence, The Search for Modern China, 158.]. , , . .




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. ( ). ( , )[84 - John King Fairbank, Trade and Diplomacy on the China Coast: The Opening of the Treaty Ports, 18421854 (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 1969), 109112.].

, . , : , , , , ( , ), - [85 - Ch'i-ying's Method for Handling the Barbarians, 1844, as translated in Teng and Fairbank, eds., China's Response to the West, 3839.].

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, , . , . , , . , . , , , [86 - . . 38. . Hsu, The Rise of Modern China, 208209. . 1858 . , , . .].

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notes








1


-. . .




2


John W.Garver. China's Decision for War with India in 1962 in AlastairIaian Johnston and Robert S.Ross, eds., New Directions in the Study of China's Foreign Policy (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2006), 116, Sun Shao and Chen Zibin, Ximalaya shan dexue: Zhong Yin zhanzheng shilu [Snows of the Himalaya Mountains: The True Record of the China-India War] (Taiyuan: Bei Yue Wenyi Chubanshe, 1991), 95; Wang Hongwei, Ximalaya shan qingjie: Zhong Yinguanxiyanjiu [The Himalayas Sentiment: A Study of China-India Relations] (Beijing: Zhongguo Zangxue Chubanshe, 1998), 228230.




3


1911 , , , 10 1911 . 12 1912 . . .




4


໠ , .




5


Ssuma Ch'ien's Historical Records Introductory Chapter, trans. Herbert J.Allen, The lournal of the Royal Asiatic Society of Great Britain and Ireland (London: Royal Asiatic Society, 1894), 278280 (ChapterI: Original Records of the Five Gods).




6


Abbe Regis-Evariste Hue, The Chinese Empire (London: Longman, Brown, Green & Longmans, 1855), as excerpted in Franz Schurmann and Orville Schell, eds., Imperial China: The Decline of the last Dynasty and the Origins of Modern China The 18th and 19th Centuries (New York: Vintage, 1967), 31.




7


. . M. 1984. . 23.




8


, , . Ross Terrill, : A Biography (Stanford: Stanford University Press, 2000), 268.




9


John King Fairbank and Merle Goldman, China: A New History, 2nd enlarged ed. (Cambridge: Belknap Press, 2006), 93.




10


F.W.Mote, Imperial China: 900-1800(Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1999), 614615.




11


; , . . .




12


. . 615.




13


Thomas Meadows, Desultory Notes on the Government and People of China (London: W.H.Allen & Co., 1847), as excerpted in Schurmann and Schell, eds., Imperial China, 150.




14


Lucian Pye, Social Science Theories in Search of Chinese Realities, China Quarterly 132 (1992): 1162.




15


, , . , , 𻠖 ( ) , , . Papers Relating to Foreign Affairs Accompanying the Annual Message of the President to the First Session of the thirty-eighth Congress, vol. 2 (Washington, D.C.: U.S.Government Printing Office, 1864), Document No. 33 (Mr.Burlingameto Mr.Seward, Peking, January 29, 1863), 846848.




16


. . .




17


, ( ) , . Joseph Needham's encyclopedic multivolume Science and Civilization in China (Cambridge: Cambridge University Press, 1954).




18


Fairbankand Goldman, China, 89.




19


Angus Maddison, The World Economy: A Millennial Perspective (Paris: Organization for Economic Cooperation and Development, 2006), Appendix B, 261263. , ; , . , . ( JPMorgan. . .)




20


Jean-Baptiste Du Halde, Description geographique, historique, chronologique, politique, etphysique de l'empire de la Chine etde la Tartaric chinoise (La Haye: H.Scheurleer, 1736), no: Schurmann and Schell, eds., Imperial China, 71.




21


Francois Quesnay, le despotisme de la Chine, no: Schurmann and Schell, eds., Imperial China, 115.




22


, , . Annping Chin, The Authentic Confucius: A Life of Thought and Politics (New York: Scribner, 2007).




23


See Benjamin I.Schwartz, The World of Thought in Ancient China (Cambridge: Belknap Press, 1985), 6366.




24


Confucius, The Analects, trans. William Edward Soothill (New York: Dover, 1995), 107.




25


. . .




26


Cm.Mark Mancall, The Ch'ing Tribute System: An Interpretive Essay, in John King Fairbank, ed., The Chinese World Order (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1968), 6365; Mark Mancall, China at the Center: 300 Years of Foreign Policy (New York: Free Press, 1984), 22.




27


Ross Terrill, The New Chinese Empire (New York Basic Books, 2003), 46.




28


Fairbank and Goldman, China, 28, 6869.




29


Masataka Banno, China and the West, 18581861: The Origins of the TsungliYamen (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1964), 224225; Mancall, China at the Center, 1617.




30


Banno, China and the West, 224228; Jonathan Spence, The Search for Modern China (New York: W.W.Norton, 1999), 197.




31


Owen Lattimore, China and the Barbarians, in Joseph Barnes, ed., Empire in the East (New York: Doubleday, 1934), 22.




32


Lien-sheng Yang, Historical Notes on the Chinese World Order, in Fairbank, ed., The Chinese World Order, 33.




33


(. .. ., 1970. .. . (14021413.). . 264.




34


Ying-shih Yii, Trade and Expansion in Han China: A Study in the Structure of Sino-Barbarian Economic Relations (Berkeley: University of California Press, 1967), 37.




35


ImmanuelC.Y Hsu, China's Entrance into the Family of Nations: The Diplomatic Phase, 18581880 (Cambridge: Harvard University Press, 1960), 9.




36


( , ) , , .




37


. . .




38


, . David Lai, Learning from the Stones: A Go Approach to Mastering China's Strategic Concept, Shi (Carlisle, Pa.: United States Army War College Strategic Studies Institute, 2004); and David Lai and Gary W.Hamby, East Meets West: An Ancient Game Sheds New Light on U.S.-Asian Strategic Relations, Korean Journal of Defense Analysis 14, no. 1 (Spring 2002).




39


, ( ) , . - , Samuel .Griffith (Oxford: Oxford University Press, 1971), Introduction, 1-12; and Andrew Meyer and Andrew Wilson, Sunzi Bingfa as History and Theory, in Bradford A.Lee and Karl F.Walling, eds., Strategic Logic and Political Rationality: Essays in Honor of 'Michael Handel (London: Frank Cass, 2003).




40


Sun Tzu, The Art of War, trans. John Minford (New York: Viking, 2002), 3.




41


. .8788.




42


. .1416.




43


. . 23.




44


. . 6.




45


. .




46


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49


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54


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55


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57


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58


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60


.




61


. 1 .




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63


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81


( ), . . .




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87


, , - , ( 1842 1843 : , ). . . .




88


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89


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Генри Киссинджер написал книгу о стране, которую хорошо знает и которой помог сформировать отношения с Западом.

Автор изучает ключевые моменты китайской внешней политики – с древнейших времен и до наших дней, и рассказывает о «внутренней кухне» китайской дипломатии.

Опираясь на свой богатый опыт общения с китайскими лидерами – Мао Цзэдуном, Чжоу Эньлаем и Дэн Сяопином, Киссинджер размышляет о том, какое влияние каждый из них оказал на судьбу современного Китая, а также делает собственные прогнозы о глобальном соотношении политических сил в XXI веке.

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