Книга - Easy Learning Italian Vocabulary

Easy Learning Italian Vocabulary
Collins Dictionaries


The quickest way to study Italian vocabulary and the perfect companion to titles in the ever-popular Easy Learning Italian range.Designed for learners of Italian of all ages, whether you are learning at school, in an evening class, for business or to go on holiday.• Easy to use: gives you all the words you need in order to communicate effectively in natural Italian.• Easy to read: specially designed for eReaders, including iPad, with a clear, colour layout. Handy vocabulary sections ensure that you find what you are looking for quickly and easily.• Easy to understand: example phrases show you how Italian is really used.• Easy to learn: within each topic, Italian vocabulary is split into essential, important and useful words, so you can decide which level of learning is right for you.













copyright (#ulink_e973f04d-0f19-50b0-8196-ccbeb3649c29)

Published by Collins

An imprint of HarperCollins Publishers

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Bishopbriggs

Glasgow G64 2QT

Second edition 2016

© HarperCollins Publishers 2010, 2016

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Acknowledgements

We would like to thank those authors and publishers who kindly gave permission for copyright material to be used in the Collins Corpus. We would also like to thank Times Newspapers Ltd for providing valuable data.

MANAGING EDITOR

Maree Airlee

CONTRIBUTORS

Francesca Logi

Janice McNeillie

FOR THE PUBLISHER

Gerry Breslin

Rachel Grocott

eBook Edition © May 2016

ISBN 9780008142070

Version: 2016-04-01




contents


Title Page (#litres_trial_promo)

Copyright (#ulink_8f4362c5-4948-5f08-b465-93888ad18e21)

How to Use this Book (#ulink_e391e5b9-d4f9-586a-9df7-c3e9d9b0916d)

Abbreviations (#ulink_07eadc5f-1961-503a-beb3-33d2a6e42d9f)

Gender and Plural (#ulink_ac4b9126-daf4-52b1-b3ee-fd43556d4005)

air travel (#ulink_5b9bf8cf-af8e-5fc8-b770-8fd752a3a138)

animals (#ulink_44d33412-93eb-55de-860a-1a6f4f2af949)

bikes (#ulink_5335ffb7-d6eb-50f3-8a70-50e1e674d371)

birds (#ulink_9f3743a3-9696-5ccb-acb2-10f4e5f643db)

body (#ulink_b47502e4-ca05-5024-9a8d-e9d36de1f25f)

calendar (#ulink_4347ec19-2127-55da-aae1-0c4af1baec14)

camping (#ulink_0a74e2db-c044-5032-8400-bb445766e20c)

careers (#ulink_8067eae7-83b4-56ec-84d7-440076277fec)

cars (#ulink_955abb3d-1ec6-5fae-bbd8-1545bb5fbe7c)

clothes (#ulink_6f5fb148-8cd7-5987-91bc-7947fbf892ee)

colours (#ulink_a91250df-bcf6-5e18-9085-7a87ce9bd019)

computing and IT (#ulink_b355dc67-1b2f-55dc-826a-60cfb68bf1bc)

countries and nationalities (#ulink_01fce566-19db-5742-9f53-01e15480f7b4)

countryside (#ulink_ceb49b7f-d67f-5d9b-b080-571457e3229a)

describing people (#litres_trial_promo)

education (#litres_trial_promo)

environment (#litres_trial_promo)

family (#litres_trial_promo)

farm (#litres_trial_promo)

fish and insects (#litres_trial_promo)

food and drink (#litres_trial_promo)

free time (#litres_trial_promo)

fruit (#litres_trial_promo)

furniture and appliances (#litres_trial_promo)

geographical names (#litres_trial_promo)

greetings and everyday phrases (#litres_trial_promo)

health (#litres_trial_promo)

hotel (#litres_trial_promo)

house – general (#litres_trial_promo)

house – particular (#litres_trial_promo)

information and services (#litres_trial_promo)

law (#litres_trial_promo)

materials (#litres_trial_promo)

music (#litres_trial_promo)

numbers and quantities (#litres_trial_promo)

personal items (#litres_trial_promo)

plants and gardens (#litres_trial_promo)

seaside and boats (#litres_trial_promo)

shopping (#litres_trial_promo)

sports (#litres_trial_promo)

theatre and cinema (#litres_trial_promo)

time (#litres_trial_promo)

tools (#litres_trial_promo)

town (#litres_trial_promo)

trains (#litres_trial_promo)

trees (#litres_trial_promo)

vegetables (#litres_trial_promo)

vehicles (#litres_trial_promo)

the weather (#litres_trial_promo)

youth hostelling (#litres_trial_promo)

supplementary vocabulary (#litres_trial_promo)

articles and pronouns (#litres_trial_promo)

conjunctions (#litres_trial_promo)

adjectives (#litres_trial_promo)

adverbs and prepositions (#litres_trial_promo)

nouns (#litres_trial_promo)

verbs (#litres_trial_promo)

About the Publisher (#litres_trial_promo)




how to use this book (#ulink_241f462c-f05d-50c7-9ddb-7efb6c5488bd)


The Easy Learning Italian Vocabulary is designed for both young and adult learners. Whether you are starting to learn Italian for the very first time, revising for school exams or simply want to brush up on your Italian, the Easy Learning Italian Vocabulary offers you the information you require in a clear and accessible format.

This book is divided into 50 topics, arranged in alphabetical order. This thematic approach enables you to learn related words and phrases together, so that you can become confident in using particular vocabulary in context.

Vocabulary within each topic is divided into nouns and useful phrases which are aimed at helping you to express yourself in idiomatic Italian. Vocabulary within each topic is graded to help you prioritize your learning. Essential words include the basic words you will need to be able to communicate effectively, important words help expand your knowledge, and useful words provide additional vocabulary which will enable you to express yourself more fully.

Nouns are grouped by gender: masculine (“il”) nouns are given together, as are feminine (“la”) nouns, enabling you to memorize words according to their gender. In addition, all feminine forms of adjectives are shown, as are irregular, invariable and gender-changing noun plurals.

At the end of the book you will find a list of supplementary vocabulary, grouped according to part of speech – adjective, verb, noun and so on. This is vocabulary which you will come across in many everyday situations.




abbreviations (#ulink_6897b9ac-2202-5a81-8599-2315a5167dda)

ABBREVIATIONS





The swung dash ~ is used to indicate no change to a word in the plural of a compound noun.





gender and plural (#ulink_7abe768c-d4ed-5f28-9fd8-87ff5dd3dece)

GENDER


In Italian, nouns are either masculine or feminine. Most masculine nouns take the article il. This article becomes l’ when the noun begins with a vowel and becomes lo when the noun begins with s+consonant (eg sc, sp, st), or begins gn, pn, ps, x, y or z.

Feminine nouns take la or l’ (when the noun begins with a vowel).

Many masculine nouns end in o; many feminine nouns end in a. Both masculine and feminine nouns can end in e.




PLURAL


Unlike English, where you generally add letters (s or es) to make nouns plural, in Italian you change the final letter.

o > i (il posto > i posti)

a > e (la pizza > le pizze)

e > i (il padre, la madre > i padri, le madri)

Articles change as follows:




Nouns that are imported into Italian (such as bar, computer, menù, sport) stay the same in the plural (pl inv). They are generally masculine:

il bar > i bar, il computer > i computer, il menù > i menù, lo sport > gli sport.




PLURAL SPELLING CHANGES


Most nouns ending -co, -ca, -go and -ga often require an h inserting in the plural to retain the hard ‘kuh’ and ‘guh’ sounds:

il parco > i parchi, la banca > le banche

il lago > i laghi, la targa > le targhe

Where spelling changes occur in the plural we have included the plural ending.





air travel (#ulink_eb86ae6b-f20f-5d06-be8a-0fca7047a897)

ESSENTIAL WORDS(masculine)








USEFUL PHRASES


viaggiare in aereo to travel by plane

un biglietto di sola andata a one-way ticket

un biglietto di andata e ritorno a return ticket

prenotare un biglietto aereo to book a plane ticket

fare il check-in del bagaglio to check in luggage

l’aereo è decollato/atterrato the plane has taken off/landed

il tabellone degli arrivi/delle partenze the arrivals/departures board

il volo numero 776 proveniente da Roma/diretto a Roma flight number 776 from Rome/to Rome




ESSENTIAL WORDS(feminine)








USEFUL PHRASES


ho perso la coincidenza I missed my connection

ritirare la valigia to collect one’s luggage

“ritiro bagagli” “baggage reclaim”

passare per la dogana to go through customs

ho qualcosa da dichiarare I have something to declare

non ho niente da dichiarare I have nothing to declare

controllare il bagaglio to search the luggage

voli nazionali/internazionali domestic/international flights




IMPORTANT WORDS(masculine)








USEFUL WORDS(masculine)








USEFUL PHRASES


a bordo on board; “vietato fumare” “no smoking”

in ritardo delayed; in orario on time

“allacciare le cinture di sicurezza” “fasten your seat belts”

stiamo volando sopra Londra we are flying over London

ho la nausea I am feeling sick; fare un dirottamento aereo to hijack a plane




IMPORTANT WORDS(feminine)








USEFUL WORDS(feminine)








USEFUL PHRASES


“i passeggeri del volo AB251 con destinazione Roma sono pregati di procedere all’imbarco all’uscita 51” “flight AB251 to Rome now boarding at gate 51”

abbiamo fatto scalo a New York we stopped over in New York

un atterraggio d’emergenza an emergency landing

un atterraggio di fortuna a crash landing





animals (#ulink_73a7ea4e-5224-5bf9-b2d4-7a7a6fa1c874)

ESSENTIAL WORDS(masculine)








USEFUL PHRASES


mi piacciono i gatti, odio i serpenti, preferisco i cani I like cats, I hate snakes, I prefer dogs

in casa abbiamo 12 animali we have 12 pets in our house

non abbiamo animali in casa we have no pets in our house

gli animali selvatici wild animals

gli animali domestici pets

il bestiame livestock

mettere un animale in gabbia to put an animal in a cage

liberare un animale to set an animal free




ESSENTIAL WORDS(feminine)








IMPORTANT WORDS(feminine)








USEFUL PHRASES


il cane abbaia the dog barks; ringhia it growls

il gatto miagola the cat miaows; fa le fusa it purrs

mi piace l’equitazioneorandare a cavallo I like horse-riding

a cavallo on horseback

“attenti al cane” “beware of the dog”

“è vieteato introdurre cani” “no dogs allowed”

“a cuccia!”(to dog) “down!”

i diritti degli animali animal rights

andare a caccia to go hunting




USEFUL WORDS(masculine)








USEFUL WORDS(feminine)









bikes (#ulink_e8821724-83b7-512d-bf2c-09f772be45d0)

ESSENTIAL WORDS(masculine)








IMPORTANT WORDS(masculine)








USEFUL WORDS(masculine)








USEFUL PHRASES


andare in bici(cletta) to go by bike, to cycle

sono venuto in bici(cletta) I came by bike

pedalare to pedal

a tutta velocità at full speed

cambiare marcia to change gear

fermarsi to stop

frenare bruscamente to brake suddenly




ESSENTIAL WORDS(feminine)








IMPORTANT WORDS(feminine)








USEFUL WORDS(feminine)








USEFUL PHRASES


fare un giro in bici(cletta) to go for a bike ride

bucare to have a puncture

riparare una gomma to mend a puncture

la ruota anteriore/posteriore the front/back wheel

gonfiare le ruote to blow up the tyres

lucido(a) shiny

fluorescente fluorescent





birds (#ulink_646e995c-2235-5a54-9137-1d3605307eb2)

ESSENTIAL WORDS(masculine)








USEFUL WORDS(masculine)








ESSENTIAL WORDS(feminine)








USEFUL WORDS(feminine)








USEFUL PHRASES


volare to fly

volare via to fly away

costruire un nido to build a nest

fischiare to whistle

cantare to sing

la gente li mette in gabbia people put them in cages

covare un uovo to sit on an egg

un uccello migratore a migratory bird





body (#ulink_41c61e0f-cfa5-5e47-80c8-fbe5b709573d)

ESSENTIAL WORDS(masculine)








IMPORTANT WORDS(masculine)








USEFUL PHRASES


in piedi standing

seduto(a) sitting

disteso(a) lying




ESSENTIAL WORDS(feminine)








IMPORTANT WORDS(feminine)








USEFUL PHRASES


grande big

alto(a) tall

piccolo(a) small

basso(a) short

grasso(a) fat

magro(a) skinny

snello(a) slim

bello(a) beautiful; handsome

carino(a) pretty; cute

brutto(a) ugly




USEFUL WORDS(masculine)








USEFUL PHRASES


soffiarsi il naso to blow one’s nose

tagliarsi le unghie to cut one’s nails

tagliarsi i capelli to have one’s hair cut

scrollare le spalle to shrug one’s shoulders

fare cenno di sì con il capo to nod one’s head (say yes)

fare cenno di no con il capo to shake one’s head (say no)

vedere to see; sentire to hear; to feel

annusare to smell; toccare to touch; assaggiare to taste

stringere la mano a qn to shake hands with sb

salutare qn con la mano to wave at sb

indicare qc to point at sth




USEFUL WORDS(feminine)








USEFUL PHRASES


(misura dei) fianchi hip measurement

giro vita waist measurement

(misura del) petto chest measurement

sordo(a) deaf

cieco(a) blind

muto(a) mute

disabile disabled

persona con problema di udito person with hearing problems

lui è più alto di te he is taller than you

Sara è cresciuta molto Sara has grown a lot

sono in sovrappeso I am overweight

è ingrassata/dimagrita she has put on weight/lost weight

è alta 1 metro e 47 she is 1.47 metres tall

pesa 40 chili he/she weighs 40 kilos





calendar (#ulink_a91cf660-dd15-510e-bedb-0d5c9acaf91e)

SEASONS








MONTHS








DAYS OF THE WEEK








USEFUL PHRASES


in primavera/estate/autunno/inverno in spring/summer/autumn/winter

in maggio in May

il 10 luglio 2016 on 10 July 2016

è il 3 dicembre it’s 3rd December

di sabato vado in piscina on Saturdays I go to the swimming pool

sabato sono andato in piscina on Saturday I went to the swimming pool

il prossimo sabato/sabato scorso next/last Saturday

il sabato prima/dopo the previous/following Saturday







USEFUL PHRASES


fare ponte to take a long weekend

il primo aprile the first of April, April Fools’ Day

il pesce d’aprile April Fools’ trick

il primo maggio Labour day

il carnevale carnival period prior to Lent

l’Epifania Epiphany (6 January)

Ferragosto August 15 (Bank Holiday in Italy)

San Valentino St Valentine’s Day

Ognissanti All Saints’ Day

Pasqua Easter

Domenica di Pasqua Easter Sunday

Pasquetta or Lunedì di Pasqua Easter Monday

Mercoledì delle Ceneri Ash Wednesday

Venerdì Santo Good Friday

la Quaresima Lent

la Pasqua ebraica Passover

il Ramadan Ramadan

Hanukkah Hanukkah or Hanukah

la vigilia di Natale Christmas Eve

Natale Christmas

il giorno di Natale Christmas Day

San Silvestro New Year’s Eve

Capodanno New Year’s Day; New Year’s Eve

il cenone/la festa di Capodanno New Year’s Eve dinner/party




ESSENTIAL WORDS(masculine)








IMPORTANT WORDS(masculine)








USEFUL WORDS(masculine)








USEFUL PHRASES


festeggiare il compleanno to celebrate one’s birthday

mia sorella è nata nel 1995 my sister was born in 1995

ha appena compiuto 17 anni he/she has just turned 17

mi ha fatto un regalo he/she gave me a present

te lo regalo! I’m giving it to you!

grazie thank you

divorziare to get divorced

sposarsi to get married

fidanzarsi (con qn) to get engaged (to sb)

mio padre è morto due anni fa my father died two years ago

seppellire to bury




ESSENTIAL WORDS(feminine)








IMPORTANT WORDS(feminine)








USEFUL WORDS(feminine)








USEFUL PHRASES


nozze d’oro/argento/diamante silver/golden/diamond wedding anniversary

fare gli auguri di Buon Anno a qn to wish sb a happy New Year

dare una festa to have a party

invitare gli amici to invite friends

scegliere un regalo to choose a gift

Buon Natale! Happy Christmas!

Buon compleanno! happy birthday!

auguri best wishes





camping (#ulink_9383212f-69d4-55a9-82cd-e07ece2ffb34)

ESSENTIAL WORDS(masculine)








IMPORTANT WORDS(masculine)








USEFUL PHRASES


andare in campeggio to go camping

accamparsi to camp

ben attrezzato(a) well equipped




ESSENTIAL WORDS(feminine)








IMPORTANT WORDS(feminine)








USEFUL PHRASES


montare una tenda to pitch a tent

fare salsicce alla griglia to grill sausages





careers (#ulink_f02f1118-147b-5dc1-92c8-61c66f72e0dc)

ESSENTIAL WORDS(masculine)








USEFUL PHRASES


interessante/poco interessante interesting/not very interesting

fa il postino he is a postman; fa il medico he/she is a doctor

lavorare to work; diventare to become




ESSENTIAL WORDS(feminine)








USEFUL PHRASES


lavorare per guadagnarsi da vivere to work for one’s living

che lavoro fa? what do you do (for a living)?

cosa vuoi fare da grande? what do you want to do when you grow up?

fare domanda di lavoro to apply for a job




IMPORTANT WORDS(masculine)








USEFUL PHRASES


essere disoccupato(a) to be unemployed

licenziare qn per esubero di personale to make sb redundant

un contratto a tempo indeterminato a permanent contract

un contratto a tempo determinato temporary contract




IMPORTANT WORDS(feminine)








USEFUL PHRASES


“domande di impiego” “situations wanted”

“offerte di impiego” “situations vacant”

appartenere ad un sindacato to be in a union

guadagnare 1000 euro al mese to earn 1000 euros per month

un aumento (di paga) a pay rise

scioperareorfare sciopero to go on strike

essere in sciopero to be on strike

lavorare a tempo pieno/lavorare part-time to work full-time/to work part-time

fare lo straordinario to work overtime

riduzione delle ore lavorative reduction in working hours




USEFUL WORDS(masculine)








USEFUL WORDS(feminine)








USEFUL PHRASES


un lavoro stagionale seasonal work

un lavoro temporaneo/fisso a temporary/permanent job

un lavoro part-time a part-time job

essere assunto(a) to be taken on; essere licenziato(a) to be dismissed

licenziare qn to give sb the sack

cercare lavoro to look for work

fare un corso di formazione professionale to go on a training course

timbrare il cartellino to clock in/out

lavorare con un orario flessibile to work flexi-time





cars (#ulink_2f585476-493d-5f8c-934a-ab3f908745b4)

ESSENTIAL WORDS(masculine)








USEFUL PHRASES


frenare bruscamente to brake suddenly

100 chilometri all’ora 100 kilometres an hour

ha la patente? do you have a driving licence?

andiamo a fare un giro (in macchina) we’re going for a drive (in the car)




ESSENTIAL WORDS(feminine)








USEFUL PHRASES


il pieno, per favore fill it up please

prendere la strada per Lecco to take the road to Lecco

è un viaggio di tre ore it’s a 3-hour journey

buon viaggio! have a good journey!

andiamo! let’s go!

lungo la strada abbiamo visto … on the way we saw …

sorpassare una macchina to overtake a car




IMPORTANT WORDS(masculine)








USEFUL PHRASES


accendere il motore to switch on the engine

il motore parte the engine starts up

il motore non parte the engine won’t start

accelerare to accelerate; proseguire to continue

ridurre la velocità to slow down

fermarsi to stop; parcheggiare (la macchina) to park (the car)

spegnere il motore to switch off the engine

fermarsi con il semaforo rosso to stop at the red light




IMPORTANT WORDS(feminine)








USEFUL PHRASES


c’è stato un incidente there’s been an accident

nell’incidente sono rimaste ferite sei persone six people were injured in the accident

favorisca i documenti, per cortesia? may I see your papers please?

forare to have a puncture; riparare to fix

avere un’avaria to break down

sono rimasto senza benzina I’ve run out of petrol




USEFUL WORDS(masculine)








USEFUL PHRASES


a rimorchio on tow

nell’ora di punta at rush hour

ha ricevuto una multa di 100 euro he got a 100-euro fine

è assicurato? are you insured?

non dimentichi di allacciare le cinture di sicurezza don’t forget to put on your seat belts

al confine at the border

fare l’autostop to hitch-hike




USEFUL WORDS(feminine)








USEFUL PHRASES


la ruota anteriore/posteriore the front/back wheel

dobbiamo fare una deviazione we have to make a detour

una multa per eccesso di velocità a fine for speeding

accosti per favore pull in please

“dare la precedenza” “give way to the right”

“tenere la destra” “keep to the right”

“vietato l’accesso” “no entry”

“divieto di sosta” “no parking”

“lavori in corso” “roadworks”





clothes (#ulink_0952d15a-7a9b-50a3-9bf6-b9f36d7084ae)

ESSENTIAL WORDS(masculine)








IMPORTANT WORDS(masculine)








ESSENTIAL WORDS(feminine)








IMPORTANT WORDS(feminine)








USEFUL PHRASES


di mattina mi vesto in the morning I get dressed

di sera mi spoglio in the evening I get undressed

quando torno a casa mi cambio when I get home I get changed

indossareoravere addosso to wear

mettersi to put on

è molto elegante that’s very smart




USEFUL WORDS(masculine)








USEFUL PHRASES


ti sta bene that suits you

che taglia porti (orporta)? what size do you take?

che numero di scarpe porti (orporta)? what shoe size do you take?

ho il 38 di piede I take size 38 in shoes




USEFUL WORDS(feminine)








USEFUL PHRASES


lungo(a) long; corto(a) short

un vestito con le maniche corte/lunghe a short-sleeved/long-sleeved dress

stretto(a) tight

largo(a) loose

una gonna attillata a tight skirt

a strisce striped; a quadretti checked; a pallini spotted

vestiti sportivi casual clothes

in pigiama in pyjamas

alla moda fashionable; moderno(a) trendy

fuori moda old-fashioned





colours (#ulink_3314fd54-37d4-55cc-8275-d4f3c5e36680)








USEFUL PHRASES


il colore colour

di che colore hai (orha) gli occhi/i capelli? what colour are your eyes/is your hair?

il blu ti sta bene blue suits you

quello blu ti sta bene the blue one suits you

dipingere qc di blu to paint sth blue

le scarpe blu blue shoes

le scarpe azzurre light blue shoes

ha gli occhi verdi she/he has green eyes

cambiare colore to change colour

la Casa Bianca the White House

bianco come la neve as white as snow

Biancaneve Snow White

Cappuccetto Rosso Little Red Riding Hood

diventare rosso(a) to turn red, to blush

rosso(a) come un peperone as red as a beetrot

chiaro(a)/scuro(a) light/dark

nero(a) come il carbone as brown as a berry

un occhio nero a black eye

un (romanzo) giallo a crime novel

un romanzo rosa a romantic novel

Pagine Gialle Yellow Pages® (pl)

una notte in bianco a sleepless night

riso/pasta in bianco plain rice/pasta

la benzina verde unleaded petrol

numero verde freephone

essere al verde to be broke

essere di umore nero to be in a very bad mood





computing and IT (#ulink_ab0e3bca-41fb-5935-946e-c82222973fd8)

ESSENTIAL WORDS(masculine)








USEFUL WORDS(masculine)








ESSENTIAL WORDS(feminine)








USEFUL WORDS(feminine)








USEFUL PHRASES


copiare to copy; cancellare to delete

allegare alla mail to attach an email

scaricare/caricare un file to download/upload a file

salvare to save; stampare to print; digitare to key

visualizzare to view

navigare in Internet to surf the internet





countries and nationalities (#ulink_5376e326-d2ef-5210-8056-fdf598d9b096)

ESSENTIAL WORDS(masculine)








USEFUL WORDS(masculine)








USEFUL PHRASES


il mio paese d’origine my native country

la capitale italiana the capital of Italy

di che paese sei? what country do you come from?

sono italiano/canadese I am Italian/Canadian

sono nato in Scozia I was born in Scotland

vado nei Paesi Bassi I’m going to the Netherlands

sono appena tornato dagli Stati Uniti I’ve just come back from the United States

sei mai stato in Italia? have you ever been to Italy?

i paesi in via di sviluppo the developing countries

i paesi di lingua spagnola Spanish-speaking countries




ESSENTIAL WORDS(feminine)








USEFUL WORDS(feminine)








ESSENTIAL WORDS(masculine)








USEFUL PHRASES


è irlandese he/she is Irish

la campagna irlandese the Irish countryside

una città irlandese an Irish town




ESSENTIAL WORDS(feminine)








USEFUL PHRASES


parlo inglese I speak English

sono scozzese I am Scottish

uno(a) straniero(a) a foreigner

all’estero abroad

la nazionalità nationality




USEFUL WORDS(masculine)








USEFUL WORDS(feminine)









countryside (#ulink_83802530-5039-5dbd-90e8-6f7853790573)






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