Книга - The English Tenses
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The English Tenses
E. O. Khundaeva
. . , .
The English Tenses
E.O. Khundaeva
E. O. Khundaeva,2018
ISBN978-5-4493-7784-5
Ridero
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UNIT 1
THE SIMPLE TENSE
The Simple Tense
The distinctive features ( )
1. , . : yesterday
tomorrow, ago ( ), in( - ), on Monday, in2006, last week (last month, last year) ( , ).
2. . : usually, every () day (week, month, year), once aweek ( ), twice aday ( ) ..
3. , : Igot up inthe morning, took ashower, got dressed, had my breakfast and left for work , , , .
4. , , , . : from till, for 3hours, the whole morning, all day long ( ).
The Present Simple Tense
The Present Simple Tense , , : , , . . , Present Simple Tense:
Now (, )
Often ()
Seldom, rarely ()
At present ( )
On Saturday ()
Usually (, )
Generally
Every day
Every Sunday
Once aweek
Every time
Three times aweek
Regularly
Systematically
Periodically
As arule
From till ( , )
All day long
For an hour
, ( , . .). : 6, , , Iget up at about 6inthe morning, take ashower, do daily dozens, have breakfast and leave for (, ) my work.
: 3 . . 堖 s, : he writes.
Iwork We work
You work You work
He (she, it) works (, ) They work
The affirmative (), interrogative () and negative () sentences ()
Dialogue
Do you learn French? Yes, Iactually () think () you learn French, dont you ()?
Yes, Ilearn French.
And what about Ann ( )? Ann, do you learn English or French?
Ilearn German.
So thats what it is ( ), you learn German ( ). Do you go home at 6after work?
Yes, usually Igo home at6.
Does Nick go home at 5or at 6? Ithink, he goes home at 5, doesnt he ()?
No. He goes home at6.
Isee (, ), he goes home at 6. Iget up () at 7inthe morning. Iknow you dont get up () at 7. You get up still earlier ( ). Do you get up at 6( 6)? Do you really get up so () early?
Yes. Ihave to() get up that () early ().
Isee (), you get up early because you have to(, ) go toyour work that starts () at 8. You commute ( , , ) toyour work, dont you ()? Maybe ( ), you go bycar or bytrain. Isee you go bycar. But sometimes () you have to(, ) go bytrain ().
Yes. Quite often ( ).
Ann, your brother goes toschool, doesnt he ()? Does he go tothe nearest () school? Does he go toschool No.19or 18? As far as Ican guess ( ) he doesnt go () toschool No. 18, does he ()?
He does not ().
He does not. Isee (, ). So he goes toschool No. 19. Now Isee he attends (, ) the nearest () school.
***
Lena sings () well and as for ( ) me Icant sing at all ( ).
Does Lena really () sing well? Oh, she does (). Just no doubt ( ). She does that perfectly well ( ). She sings very well, doesnt she ()? She does not miss an opportunity tosing ( ), does she ()? No, she never does ( ).
***
They leave ( ) at 7. Yes, they do (), because their train (, ) starts (, ) at 7:40. Its quite (, ) early (), isnt it ()? Iwont be able () toget up () that early ( ). So () Ill say good-bye tothem ( ) inthe evening () before going tobed (, ). Thats aclever decision ( ), isnt it ()? Ithink ( ) its not going tobe ( ) impolite (), is it ()?
We generally () have breakfast () at 8. Do you have your breakfast at that time ( ) too ()? Or you dont have your breakfast ( ) at 8, do you ()? Some () people have their breakfast quite early ( ), dont they ()? They do ().
***
Iunderstand you well ( ). Do you understand me ( )? Does your colleague () understand you? Do your business partners ( ) also (, ) understand you well? Do we understand each other ( ) well enough ( )?
***
Do Iunderstand it right ( ) that you got () anew appointment (, )?
Yes, but Ihardly believe it myself ( ).
***
Do you want tosay that you hold this appointment ( )?
It seems so (,).
***
Does she complete projects for grants ( ) regularly?
Not quite () regularly but rather often ( ).
Do you participate inthe competitions for grants ( ) often?
Ido sometimes (), but not quite often ( ) as Id love to( ).
Do they encourage (, ) collaborative () projects?
They seem to(,).
***
Do you like it here ( )? Ilike it here very much.
Does he like it here? He does ().
Does she like it here? Oh yes, she does.
Do they like it there ( )? They like it there very much.
Do you like it inUlan-Ude ( -)? Ilike it here inUlan-Ude very much.
Do you like it at the Baikal ( )? Ido very much.
Do they speak Portuguese inBrazil ( )? They do ().
***
Does the sun set inthe east ( )? It does not (). It sets inthe west (). It rises () inthe east.
Do you turn on the light ( ) when it gets dark ( )? We do ().
Does she switch off the light ( ) when she goes out ofthe room ( )? She does (, ).
Does he turn off the tap ( ) or does he often forget () about that? He turns it off (), thats for sure ( ). Dont worry ().
Does he want tolisten tothe news ( )? He does ().
Do they have three bedrooms () intheir house? Thats right ( ).
Do you weigh ( ) one hundred and fifty pounds (150) [ 70.]? Ido ().
The Past Simple Tense
The affirmative sentences
Istudied French at school. Ibegan tolearn English only at the college.
Thats the thing ( ).
Its apity () Ididnt learn English since the early childhood ( ).
If Idid ( a ; ꠖ ) Iwould be able ( ) totalk English with my colleagues () from abroad (- ). Its kind ofobstacle ( , ) when you dont know languages.
Actually it is ( , ).
As far as Iam concerned ( ) Iwould be happy ( ) toknow as many languages as possible ( ).
The interrogative sentences
The general questions
Did you go there?
Did you understandme?
Did you get () aletter?
Did you buy () tickets ()?
Did Iget it right ( )?
Did you learn English at school?
Did you want tolearn English or French or perhaps () some other () language ()?
Did she apply for agrant ( )?
Did they find out () which types ofthe projects were eligible (, , )? They did (, ).
Did you like it there inLondon ( )? Yes, Idid. Idid () like it there inLondon. It is admirable (), glorious (), amazing ()), isnt it ()? Oh yes, no doubt ().
Task:
Make up (, ) the interrogative sentences ( ), namely (; ) the general () questions inthe Past Simple Tense. Mind (), the auxiliary () verb did must be at the beginning ofthe question.
Bring toyour memory () the word-order ( ) inthe general questions:
1. The auxiliary () verb ().
2. The subject () ofthe sentence ().
3. The main verb ( ).
4. The object ().
5. The adverbial modifier ().
Memorize () the pattern (): Do you read books often?
The special questions
When did you begin togo toschool?
Where did you live when you began togo toschool?
Which school did you goto?
How did you get toschool (on foot , bytram, bybus, bytrolley-bus, inacar)?
When did you finishit?
Which college or university did you enter?
When did you enter the university or college?
When did you graduate from the university?
Where did you work after graduating from the university?
The alternative questions
Did you begin () toattend () school at 6or7?
Did you live inUlan-Ude when you began togo toschool or did you live insome other place?
Did you go toschool on foot () or bysome kind () oftransport?
Did you learn () English at school or at the college?
Did you want () tolearn English or French or perhaps () some other () tongue ()?
Did she apply for agrant ( ) or notyet?
Did they find out () which types ofprojects were eligible (, , ) or notyet?
The tag questions
You learned English at school, didntyou?
You learned it willingly (), didntyou?
He learned English since the early childhood ( ), didnthe?
He began tolearn the foreign languages at an early age ( ), didnthe?
They left for lake Baikal early inthe morning ( ), didnt they?
She went shopping early inthe morning, didntshe?
He went tothe hospital late at night ( ), didnthe?
You didnt learn English at school, didyou?
You didnt learn the foreign languages willingly (), didyou?
He didnt learn English since the early childhood ( ), didhe?
He didnt begin tolearn the foreign languages at an early age ( ), didhe?
The negative sentences
You did not go there ().
You did not understandme.
You did not get () the letter.
You did not buy () the tickets ()?
You did not get it right ( ).
You did not learn English at school
You did not apply for agrant ( ).
They did not find out () which types ofthe projects were eligible (, , ).
The intensifying () do, does,did
Ido observe all the conditions specified on the application form. , .
He does know about that. .
We did go there. .
They did complete the project. .
Please, do come. , .
Translate, please
.
, . Ido want tolearn English.
.
(to) .
.
. They do want toparticipate inthis project.
(toget acquainted with them).
***
(participate) .
. She did know about that.
.
. They did like it there.
.
. She does want tocome here again.
(complete) .
***
. They do want tocome here.
. Ido like the idea.
.
. You did go there.
(study) .
adownhill skier ().
(did) (get) (all the equipment).
***
(take up) .
(did) .
(prepare) (validation) .
(efficient, sensible) (offer).
(think over) (stage) .
. Idid know about that.
. He did know about that.
. They did knowall.
The Future Simple Tense
The affirmative sentences
Well go there tomorrow.
Theyll come the day after tomorrow ().
Ill be inUlan-Ude in() aday.
Youll arrive () inMoscow inaday ortwo.
Well arrive inthe station intwo hours.
Ill come and see you ( ) in() some time.
Youll land () inseveral minutes.
***
Next Sunday hell come and see you ( ; ).
Next month hell be at your place (), thats for sure ( ).
Next year well be visitingyou.
The next day theyll inform us ofthe results ofthe competition ().
Theyll come toour place () the next Sunday.
Shell come the day after tomorrow ().
***
Ill come in() aday.
Youll also (, ) come inaday ortwo.
Shell come and see us in() some time.
Alex will be here inseveral hours.
Well arrive (, ) next week.
You all will be here next month, thats for sure ( ).
Theyll meet inayear and have abig feast (, ).
***
Iwill translate this text with adictionary ().
Will you translate your text with adictionarytoo?
Ann will translate her text with no dictionary ( ), Iguess (, , ).
She will make use of() the context, Igather (, ).
At any rate ( ) she says so () and Ithink shes partly () right.
***
Youll show your translation tothe teacher, wont you ()?
Shell give () you amark (), wontshe?
It will be afive, wont it ()?
Idaresay ( ) it will ().
They will stay () there for long (), do you think ()?
The interrogative questions
The general questions
Will you go there tomorrow?
Will they come the day after tomorrow ()?
Will you be inUlan-Ude in() aday?
Will you arrive () inMoscow inaday ortwo?
Will they arrive at the township ( ) inaweek?
Will you come and see us () in() some time?
Will you land () inseveral minutes?
***
Will she come and see you soon?
Will they be at your place () soon?
Will they visit you inJanuary?
Will they inform us ofthe results ofthe competition () for grant?
Will they come toour place () the next Sunday?
Will she come the day after tomorrow ()?
The special questions
Who will arrive () soon?
When will they arrive?
What will they do here?
What will be their main () purpose ()?
Where will they stay ()?
Who will they meet () with?
Who will they consult with?
The alternative questions
Will they come in() aday ortwo?
Will you also (, ) come inaday ortwo?
Will she come and see us in() some time?
Will Alex be here inseveral hours ( )?
Will you arrive (, ) the next week?
Will you all be here the next month?
Will they meet in() ayear and have abig feast (, )?
Task
Think of(, ) your own sentences with the above () words.
The tag questions
He will translate this text with adictionary (), wonthe?
You will translate the text with adictionary too, wontyou?
Ann will translate her text with no dictionary ( ), Iguess (, , ), wontshe?
She will make use of() the context, Igather (, ), wontshe?
Youll show your translation tothe teacher, wont you ()?
Shell give () you agood mark (), wontshe?
Itll sure (, ) be afive, wont it ()?
Idaresay ( ) it will be, wontit?
The negative sentences
Iwont go there ( ).
You wont talk () tothem.
He wont believe ()you.
She wont enter () that college.
We wont stay () inthat hotel.
You wont send () that fax ().
***
They wont have many questions toput (Ӡ ).
We wont have many requests tomake (Ӡ ).
They wont have any claims (, ). It was the juncture ofthe events ( ), just the coincidence ().
Iwont stay there for long ( ).
Iwont have any reproaches () and Iwont have any self-reproach ( ) too. It was the concurrence () ofthe circumstances ().
UNIT 2
The Progressive (Continuous) Tense
The distinctive features ( ):
1. , (). : now, at 5oclock, when Icame,etc.
2. , . : while (; , ꠅ).
3. , : from till ().
The present Progressive Tense
The affirmative sentences
Iam reading abook. .
You are translating the text.
He is working at this problem.
She is writing aletter.
We are thinking over () the problem.
You are discussing how () todoit.
They are waiting for () the manager.
Im talking tothemnow.
***
Translate, please.
. We are learning Englishnow.
(We are having breakfast), (alittle later).
(complete ajoint project).
(methodology ofthe study).
(Iam consulting the children).
(type an application).
(continue; go on with) .
The interrogative questions
The general questions
Are you writing your resume? Yes, Iam. Im just writing my resume. Iwas asked to( ).
Is he writing an article for the newspaper? Ithink so (, ).
Is Nina calling () you? No, itsAnn.
Are we going tothe Ivanovs (; ) first ()? Yes, right.
Are your friends calling you just now? Yes, these are my friends.
***
Read the following funny (c) sentences, please
Is the frog () smiling ()? Oh yes, it is just smiling. Right you are ( ).
Is the beetle () doing nothing ()? Thats right, it is doing nothing. It is not doing anything.
Are the bears () carrying (; ) milk ()? They arent carrying any milk. It seems () they are carrying honey ().
Is the fish () eating (, ) apine-apple () or an apple ()? It is sure (, ) eating apine-apple.
The frog () is watering () the flower (), isnt it? You arent mistaken. It is just watering the flower.
The special questions
Who are you talkingto?
What are you doingnow?
When are you going toIrkutsk?
Where are they goingnow?
How are they solving their problems ( )?
How long are they playing?
Which place are you leaving for ()?
***
Who is playing chess with my nephew ()?
Who is my niece () playing with?
What game are the children playing?
Where are the children playing?
When are they coming home?
How are they doing sums ( )?
How long are they staying (, ) inthe health resort ()?
***
Who is running along the road?
What is the boy keeping () inhis hand?
Which ofthem ( , ) is running very quick?
Where are they running?
When are they coming here?
How is she performing () her part ()?
How long are they playing inthat playground ( )?
The alternative questions
Was your acquaintance doing shopping or just window-shopping?
Is Nick reading anewspaper or amagazine?
Is she reading atextbook () or aglossy magazine ( )?
Are you translating an article or aletter?
Is she writing aletter or an article?
Were you thinking over () this problem or anotherone?
Are you discussing how todo it or are you just having achat ()?
The tag questions
You are watching TV now, arentyou?
Your neighbor is looking through the window, isntshe?
Your colleague is reading adetective story now, isnthe?
Ann is reading abook, isntshe?
You are learning English, arentyou?
They are reading the textbook (), arent they?
Translate, please
, (arentwe)?
(complete ajoint project), (arentwe)?
(methodology ofthe study), ?
(consult the children), ?
(type an application), ?
(continue; go on with) (study), ?
, ?
The negative sentences
Iam not reading that book, Ihave finished reading it. You can takeit.
You arent reading the magazine, can Itakeit?
He is not writing the letter as Isee. When is he going tofinishit?
We are not dealing with () that project, we are doing something else (e , - ).
Iam not reading that book.
You are not writing aletter.
He is not working at the projectnow.
She is not looking through () any glossy magazine ( ).
They are not writing any substantiation () ofthe project.
The Past Progressive tense
The affirmative sentences
Iwas washing () the dishes () when they called ()me.
You were looking through () the documents at that moment.
She was packing up ( ) when she learned () about that.
We were talking () when he interrupted ()us.
They were discussing the matter ( ) when Alice entered () the room.
***
We were preparing (, ) amonograph (, ) when we got () the news () concerning () the announcement () ofacompetition () for ashort-term () grant inthe humanities ( ).
They were writing abrief () summary (, ) ofthe proposal () when they learned () about the announcement ofanother, more favorable ( , ) competition ().
When we were reading the instructions for applicants (, ), we learned () that they must hold () the PhD degree ( ) or show evidence (, ) ofthe equivalent () professional experience ().
Translate, please.
(staple) (application), (we were told), (that we should not do that). (application), (learn), (fax) (are not accepted).
(type an application), (learn), (should be typed) (with afresh, dark ribbon), (for, because) (application) (will be photocopied several times).
The interrogative questions
The general questions
Were you waiting for me? Oh, yes, we were. Were really glad tosee you at our place ( ).
Was he sending an E-mail message when Icalled him? Yes, hewas.
Were they seeing them off () when Ann came? Yes, the guests were just leaving ( ), they were bidding farewell ().
Was the child smiling when they took his photo? Yes, hewas.
Were the boys playing football when you came? No, they werent, they were playing tennis.
Were you writing your essay (, ) when they came? No, Iwasnt. Iwas tidying up ( ) the room.
Was Helen looking through () the papers when you came tosee ()her.
The special questions
What was your relative doing when you came toseehim?
What were your friends doing when you came ashore ( ).
What was the boy doing when you looked through the window?
What were the learners () doing when they were inthe library ()?
What were you doing when your colleagues () came tocongratulate ()you?
What was Ann doing when you came tosee ( )her?
***
What were the children doing when you came toschool?
What was she doing while Ann was writing her account ().
What were you doing while Ann was watching TV ( )?
What was she doing while you were cutting () cucumbers () and tomatoes for salad?
What were you doing while he was fixing up (, ) thecar?
***
What was Alex doing from 9till 10yesterday morning? Icouldnt findhim.
What were they doing all day long? Why havent they done anything?
Where were they going? They were probably () going totheir work.
What were they looking through? They were looking through their essays ().
What were you doing? Iwas looking for () my summary ().
What were you doing an hour ago ( )? Iwas looking for () my notes (, ).
The alternative questions
Were you waiting for me or not? Oh, yes, we were. We are really glad tosee you at our place ( ).
Was he sending an E-mail message when Icalled him or not? Yes, hewas.
Were they seeing off () their guests when Ann came or were they keeping them back (, )? Yes, the were keeping them back.
Was the child smiling when they took his photo or was he just interested inthe camera? Ithink, he was interested inthe camera.
Were the boys playing football when you came or werent they? No, they werent, they were playing tennis.
Were you writing your essay when they came or were you doing something else ( - )? Iwasnt writing my essay when they came. Iwas tidying up ( ) the room.
.
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- Жанр: Cовременная русская литература
- Язык: Книги на русском языке
- Объём: 80 стр.
- Возрастные ограничения: 12+
- ISBN: 9785449377845
- Дата выхода книги: 15 ноября 2018
- Версия: 📚 Электронная книга
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